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Acute effects of traditional and electronic cigarettes on palatal blood flow in smokers: A cross-over pilot study - PubMed

Acute effects of traditional and electronic cigarettes on palatal blood flow in smokers: A cross-over pilot study

Orsolya Vámos et al. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2024 Mar-Apr.

Abstract

Background: Smoking is a significant health hazard and contributes to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. It can increase postoperative complications during oral and maxillofacial surgery due to its topical effect on the oral mucosa. New alternatives to traditional tobacco products are gaining popularity, in particular, electronic cigarettes.

Objectives: This pilot study investigated the acute effects of nicotine-containing and nicotine-free electronic cigarettes on palatal blood flow (PBF), and compared their effects to traditional cigarettes.

Materials and methods: 14 medically healthy volunteers (8 males, 6 females, age: 34.7 ± 7.0) were recruited for the study. All patients (N = 14) were requested to smoke nicotine-containing (ECN) and nicotine-free electronic cigarettes (EC0) and a mouthpiece (end of a traditional cigarette) as a control sham smoking blind test (BT). EC users did not smoke a traditional cigarette (TC), resulting in 10 people in the TC group. Palatal blood flow was measured by Laser Speckle Contrast Imager before, immediately after, and 15 min after the exposures. Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) were measured before and immediately after smoking with a piCO+ Smokerlyzer machine.

Results: In all groups, no significant differences were observed in the changes of palatal blood flow between time points. Exhaled carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin were significantly higher in the traditional cigarette (TC) group compared to the nicotine-containing electronic cigarette (ECN) and nicotine-free electronic cigarette (EC0) groups, both before and after the exposure (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Acute use of either traditional or electronic cigarettes may have minimal impact on palatal blood flow, but additional studies are required to clarify their impact on the mucosa.

Keywords: Cigarette; E-cigarette; Electronic nicotine delivery systems; Oral microcirculation; Palatal blood flow; Smoking.

© 2024 The Authors.

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Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1

Assignment to treatment groups. All patients were included in the EC0, ECN, and BT treatment group, but only cigarette smokers were included in the TC group.

Fig. 2
Fig. 2

Native (a) and perfusion images (b) from Pimsoft software at different times of interest (TOI). The palatal area, which is statistically analyzed (the region of interest), is outlined on the native image by a white line. TOI1, before exposure; TOI2, immediately after exposure; TOI3, 15 min after exposure. Warmer colors (red) represent higher perfusion, and colder colors (blue) represent lower perfusion on a scale of 0–700 laser speckle perfusion unit (LSPU).

Fig. 3
Fig. 3

The box plot indicates the percent PBF change from baseline after traditional cigarette smoking (a) nicotine-free electronic cigarette (b) nicotine-containing electronic cigarette (c) and blind test (d). TOI1, before exposure; TOI2, immediately after exposure; TOI3, 15 min after exposure; TC, traditional cigarette; EC0, nicotine-free electronic cigarette; ECN, nicotine-containing electronic cigarette; BT, blind test.

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