Acute toxicity of firefighting chemical formulations to four life stages of fathead minnow - PubMed

Comparative Study

Acute toxicity of firefighting chemical formulations to four life stages of fathead minnow

M P Gaikowski et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1996 Aug.

Abstract

Laboratory studies were conducted with four early life stages of fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, to determine the acute toxicity of five firefighting chemical formulations in standardized soft and hard water. Egg, fry, 30-day posthatch, and 60-day posthatch life stages were tested with three fire retardants (Fire-Trol GTS-R, Fire-Trol LCG-R, and Phos-Chek D75-F) and two fire-suppressant foams (Phos-Chek WD-881 and Ansul Silv-Ex). Fry were generally the most sensitive life stage tested, whereas the eggs were the least sensitive life stage. Formulation toxicity was greater in hard water than in soft water for all life stages tested. Fire-suppressant foams were more toxic than the fire retardants. The 96-hr LC50s derived for fathead minnows were rank ordered from the most toxic to the least toxic formulation as follows: Phos-Chek WD-881 (13-32 mg/liter) > Silv-Ex (19-32 mg/liter) > Fire-Trol GTS-R (135-787 mg/liter) > Phos-Chek D75-F (168-2250 mg/liter) > Fire-Trol LCG-R (519-6705 mg/liter) (ranges are the lowest and highest 96-hr LC50 for each formulation).

Similar articles

• Acute toxicity of fire control chemicals to Daphnia magna (Straus) and Selenastrum capricornutum (Printz).

  McDonald SF, Hamilton SJ, Buhl KJ, Heisinger JF. McDonald SF, et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1996 Feb;33(1):62-72. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1996.0007. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1996. PMID: 8744925

• Acute oral toxicities of wildland fire control chemicals to birds.

  Vyas NB, Spann JW, Hill EF. Vyas NB, et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2009 Mar;72(3):862-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.09.001. Epub 2008 Nov 26. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2009. PMID: 19038451

• Chronic toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to early life-stages of endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) and razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) compared to the surrogate fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).

  Fairchild JF, Allert AL, Sappington LC, Waddell B. Fairchild JF, et al. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2005 Oct;49(3):378-84. doi: 10.1007/s00244-004-0223-9. Epub 2005 Aug 3. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2005. PMID: 16132417

• The fathead minnow in aquatic toxicology: past, present and future.

  Ankley GT, Villeneuve DL. Ankley GT, et al. Aquat Toxicol. 2006 Jun 10;78(1):91-102. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.01.018. Epub 2006 Feb 21. Aquat Toxicol. 2006. PMID: 16494955 Review.

• Toxicity of various chemical agents to sheep.

  Case AA. Case AA. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1974 Feb 1;164(3):277-83. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1974. PMID: 4590929 Review. No abstract available.

Cited by

• Standardizing acute toxicity data for use in ecotoxicology models: influence of test type, life stage, and concentration reporting.

  Raimondo S, Vivian DN, Barron MG. Raimondo S, et al. Ecotoxicology. 2009 Oct;18(7):918-28. doi: 10.1007/s10646-009-0353-y. Epub 2009 Jun 16. Ecotoxicology. 2009. PMID: 19533342

• Toxicity of buprofezin on the survival of embryo and larvae of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Bloch).

  Marimuthu K, Muthu N, Xavier R, Arockiaraj J, Rahman MA, Subramaniam S. Marimuthu K, et al. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 3;8(10):e75545. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075545. eCollection 2013. PLoS One. 2013. PMID: 24098390 Free PMC article.

• The effects of henna (hair dye) on the embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

  Manjunatha B, Wei-bing P, Ke-chun L, Marigoudar SR, Xi-qiang C, Xi-min W, Xue W. Manjunatha B, et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Sep;21(17):10361-7. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-2968-7. Epub 2014 May 27. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014. PMID: 24859694

• Age matters: Developmental stage of Danio rerio larvae influences photomotor response thresholds to diazinion or diphenhydramine.

  Kristofco LA, Cruz LC, Haddad SP, Behra ML, Chambliss CK, Brooks BW. Kristofco LA, et al. Aquat Toxicol. 2016 Jan;170:344-354. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.09.011. Epub 2015 Sep 25. Aquat Toxicol. 2016. PMID: 26431593 Free PMC article.

• Acute Toxicity of Commercial Wildfire Retardants to Two Daphniid Species (Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna).

  Brito DQ, Henke-Oliveira C, Oliveira-Filho EC. Brito DQ, et al. Toxics. 2024 Jul 29;12(8):548. doi: 10.3390/toxics12080548. Toxics. 2024. PMID: 39195650 Free PMC article.

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances