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Alpha-helical coiled-coil oligomerization domains in extracellular proteins - PubMed

Review

. 1997 Mar;15(8-9):555-65; discussion 567-8.

doi: 10.1016/s0945-053x(97)90031-7.

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Review

Alpha-helical coiled-coil oligomerization domains in extracellular proteins

R A Kammerer. Matrix Biol. 1997 Mar.

Abstract

Subunit oligomerization of many proteins is mediated by alpha-helical coiled-coil domains. 3,4-Hydrophobic heptad repeat sequences, the characteristic feature of the coiled-coil protein folding motif, have been found in a wide variety of gene products including cytoskeletal, nuclear, muscle, cell surface, extracellular, plasma, bacterial, and viral proteins. Whereas the majority of coiled-coil structures is represented by intracellular alpha-helical bundles that contain two polypeptide chains, examples of extracellular coiled-coil proteins are fewer in number. Most proteins located in the extracellular space form three-stranded alpha-helical assemblies. Recently, five-stranded coiled coils have been identified in thrombospondins 3 and 4 and in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and the formation of a heterotetramer has been observed in in vitro studies with the recombinant asialoglycoprotein receptor oligomerization domain. Coiled-coil domains in laminins and probably also in tenascins and thrombospondins are responsible for the formation of tissue-specific isoforms by selective oligomerization of different polypeptide chains.

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