Not so Pseudo Anymore: Pseudogenes as Therapeutic Targets
“…However, this partial complementarity may still lead to the formation of double-stranded RNAs. Recent studies demonstrated that thousands of human (Szcześniak & Makałowska, 2016) and plant (Szcześniak et al, 2016) transcripts exhibit the potential to form ln-cRNA-RNA duplexes, and new functional trans-NATs are continuously being discovered (Roberts & Morris, 2013). Every DNA-mediated duplication and retrotransposition event is generally a source of a sequence that is complementary to the original sequence.…”
Section: Nat Regulatory Functions In Transmentioning
“…Every DNA-mediated duplication and retrotransposition event is generally a source of a sequence that is complementary to the original sequence. The emerged copy possesses the potential for expression, which may lead to trans-NAT formation (Muro & Andrade-Navarro, 2010;Roberts & Morris, 2013). One well-studied example is the nitric oxide (NO) neurotransmitter in Lymnaea stagnalis, which is involved in long-term memory formation and associated with food-reward conditioning (Kemenes et al, 2002).…”
Section: Nat Regulatory Functions In Transmentioning
“…Pseudogenes are now increasingly being studied in mammals. For instance, human pseudogenes are of particular interest in the context of diseases (Pink et al ., ; Roberts and Morris, ; Sen and Ghosh, ). Their altered expression has been linked to cancer, where they can now be used as markers for specific cell types (Poliseno et al ., ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
“…For example, the lncRNA MALAT1 is syntenically conserved across a wide variety of organisms [39]. Similarly, 68 lncRNAs derived from pseudogene loci [51] showed positional conservation between human and at least two other mammals [52].…”
Section: Are Long Non-coding Rnas Functional?mentioning