Life-History Traits of the Miocene Hipparion concudense (Spain) Inferred from Bone Histological Structure

“…In general, our results agree with the bone histology described for other species of extant and extinct equids (Cuijpers and Lauwerier, 2008;Enlow and Brown, 1958;Martínez-Maza et al, 2014;Sander and Andrássy, 2006;Stover et al, 1992), where the cortex is built of FLC during early stages of growth. However, we have noted that this description does not correspond to all ontogenetic stages and that the primary bone tissue type and its vascularization also vary within the same cortex.…”

“…Recent studies (Castanet, 2006;García-Martínez et al, 2011;Köhler et al, 2012;Marín-Moratalla et al, 2013;Martínez-Maza et al, 2014), however, have shown that CGMs are not only present in many groups of mammals, but also that these structures are related to the physiology of these animals and record cyclical periods of growth . These results confirm that skeletochronology, i.e.…”