Mechanisms and Pathways of Small-Phytoplankton Export from the Surface Ocean

“…Downward export fluxes of organic carbon can be estimated using (i) indirect approaches derived from nutrient uptake (Le Moigne et al, 2013a;Pondaven et al, 2000;Sanders et al, 2005), radioisotopes (Cochran and Masqué, 2003), satellite empirical algorithms (Dunne et al, 2007;Henson et al, 2011;Laws et al, 2011), underwater video systems (Guidi et al, 2008), or (ii) direct measurements using various designs of sediment traps (Buesseler et al, 2007;Engel et al, 2017;Lampitt et al, 2008;Owens et al, 2013) or marine snow catchers (Cavan et al, 2015;Riley et al, 2012).…”