Latvia People 2024, CIA World Factbook
Population
1,821,750 (2023 est.)
Nationality
noun: Latvian(s)
adjective: Latvian
Ethnic groups
Latvian 62.7%, Russian 24.5%, Belarusian 3.1%, Ukrainian 2.2%, Polish 2%, Lithuanian 1.1%, other 1.8%, unspecified 2.6% (2021 est.)
Languages
Latvian (official) 56.3%, Russian 33.8%, other 0.6% (includes Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian), unspecified 9.4%; note - data represent language usually spoken at home (2011 est.)
major-language sample(s):
World Factbook, neaizstājams avots pamata informāciju. (Latvian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Latvian audio sample:
Religions
Lutheran 36.2%, Roman Catholic 19.5%, Orthodox 19.1%, other Christian 1.6%, other 0.1%, unspecified/none 23.5% (2017 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 14.92% (male 139,877/female 131,839)
15-64 years: 63.37% (male 570,902/female 583,578)
65 years and over: 21.71% (2023 est.) (male 134,809/female 260,745)
2023 population pyramid: 
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 59.3
youth dependency ratio: 24.9
elderly dependency ratio: 34.4
potential support ratio: 2.9 (2021 est.)
Median age
total: 45.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 41.3 years
female: 48.9 years
Population growth rate
-1.13% (2023 est.)
Birth rate
8.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
14.7 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Net migration rate
-5.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
largest concentration of people is found in and around the port and capital city of Riga; small agglomerations are scattered throughout the country
Urbanization
urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: -0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
621,000 RIGA (capital) (2023)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.52 male(s)/female
total population: 0.87 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
27.3 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
18 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 4.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)
male: 5.2 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 76.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 71.8 years
female: 80.8 years
Total fertility rate
1.55 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.76 (2023 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
N/A
Drinking water source
improved: urban: 99.9% of population
rural: 98.6% of population
total: 99.5% of population
unimproved: urban: 0.1% of population
rural: 1.4% of population
total: 0.5% of population (2020 est.)
Current health expenditure
7.5% of GDP (2020)
Physicians density
3.4 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
Hospital bed density
5.5 beds/1,000 population (2018)
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: 98.9% of population
rural: 85.3% of population
total: 94.6% of population
unimproved: urban: 1.1% of population
rural: 14.7% of population
total: 5.4% of population (2020 est.)
Major infectious diseases
degree of risk: intermediate (2023)
vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
23.6% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 12.9 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 4.9 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 1.7 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 5.3 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 37% (2020 est.)
male: 50.3% (2020 est.)
female: 23.7% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
21.1% (2020/21) NA
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
49.1% (2023 est.)
Education expenditures
6% of GDP (2020 est.)
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.9%
male: 99.9%
female: 99.9% (2021)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years
male: 16 years
female: 17 years (2020)
NOTE: The information regarding Latvia on this page is re-published from the 2024 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Latvia 2024 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Latvia 2024 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.