Turkey People 2024, CIA World Factbook
Population
83,593,483 (2023 est.)
Nationality
noun: Turk(s)
adjective: Turkish
Ethnic groups
Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 19%, other minorities 6-11% (2016 est.)
Languages
Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages
major-language sample(s):
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ڕاستییەکانی جیهان، باشترین سەرچاوەیە بۆ زانیارییە بنەڕەتییەکان (Kurdish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Turkish audio sample:
Kurdish audio sample:
Religions
Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)
Age structure
0-14 years: 22.12% (male 9,459,277/female 9,029,296)
15-64 years: 68.58% (male 29,023,477/female 28,301,263)
65 years and over: 9.31% (2023 est.) (male 3,512,598/female 4,267,572)
2023 population pyramid: 
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 49.1
youth dependency ratio: 34.5
elderly dependency ratio: 12.3
potential support ratio: 8.1 (2021 est.)
Median age
total: 33.6 years (2023 est.)
male: 33 years
female: 34.1 years
Population growth rate
0.64% (2023 est.)
Birth rate
14 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Net migration rate
-1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast
Urbanization
urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
15.848 million Istanbul, 5.397 million ANKARA (capital), 3.088 million Izmir, 2.086 million Bursa, 1.836 million Adana, 1.805 million Gaziantep (2023)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
26.6 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
17 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 18.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)
male: 20.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.2 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 76.5 years (2023 est.)
male: 74.1 years
female: 78.9 years
Total fertility rate
1.91 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.93 (2023 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
69.8% (2018)
Drinking water source
improved: urban: 99.1% of population
rural: 98.7% of population
total: 99% of population
unimproved: urban: 0.9% of population
rural: 1.3% of population
total: 1% of population (2020 est.)
Current health expenditure
4.6% of GDP (2020)
Physicians density
1.93 physicians/1,000 population (2019)
Hospital bed density
2.9 beds/1,000 population (2018)
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: 99.8% of population
rural: 98.7% of population
total: 99.6% of population
unimproved: urban: 0.2% of population
rural: 1.3% of population
total: 0.4% of population (2020 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
32.1% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 1.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.67 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.35 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 30.7% (2020 est.)
male: 42.1% (2020 est.)
female: 19.2% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
1.5% (2018/19)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
65.4% (2023 est.)
Child marriage
women married by age 15: 2%
women married by age 18: 14.7% (2018 est.)
Education expenditures
3.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 96.7%
male: 99.1%
female: 94.4% (2019)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 18 years
male: 19 years
female: 18 years (2020)
NOTE: The information regarding Turkey on this page is re-published from the 2024 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Turkey 2024 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Turkey 2024 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.