thereaderwiki.com

Biregular graph

  • ️Tue Aug 29 2017

In graph-theoretic mathematics, a biregular graph[1] or semiregular bipartite graph[2] is a bipartite graph {\displaystyle G=(U,V,E)} for which every two vertices on the same side of the given bipartition have the same degree as each other. If the degree of the vertices in {\displaystyle U} is {\displaystyle x} and the degree of the vertices in {\displaystyle V} is {\displaystyle y}, then the graph is said to be {\displaystyle (x,y)}-biregular.

Every complete bipartite graph {\displaystyle K_{a,b}} is {\displaystyle (b,a)}-biregular.[3] The rhombic dodecahedron is another example; it is (3,4)-biregular.[4]

An {\displaystyle (x,y)}-biregular graph {\displaystyle G=(U,V,E)} must satisfy the equation {\displaystyle x|U|=y|V|}. This follows from a simple double counting argument: the number of endpoints of edges in {\displaystyle U} is {\displaystyle x|U|}, the number of endpoints of edges in {\displaystyle V} is {\displaystyle y|V|}, and each edge contributes the same amount (one) to both numbers.

Every regular bipartite graph is also biregular. Every edge-transitive graph (disallowing graphs with isolated vertices) that is not also vertex-transitive must be biregular.[3] In particular every edge-transitive graph is either regular or biregular.

The Levi graphs of geometric configurations are biregular; a biregular graph is the Levi graph of an (abstract) configuration if and only if its girth is at least six.[5]

  1. ^ Scheinerman, Edward R.; Ullman, Daniel H. (1997), Fractional graph theory, Wiley-Interscience Series in Discrete Mathematics and Optimization, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., p. 137, ISBN 0-471-17864-0, MR 1481157.
  2. ^ Dehmer, Matthias; Emmert-Streib, Frank (2009), Analysis of Complex Networks: From Biology to Linguistics, John Wiley & Sons, p. 149, ISBN 9783527627998.
  3. ^ a b Lauri, Josef; Scapellato, Raffaele (2003), Topics in Graph Automorphisms and Reconstruction, London Mathematical Society Student Texts, Cambridge University Press, pp. 20–21, ISBN 9780521529037.
  4. ^ Réti, Tamás (2012), "On the relationships between the first and second Zagreb indices" (PDF), MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem., 68: 169–188, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-29, retrieved 2012-09-02.
  5. ^ Gropp, Harald (2007), "VI.7 Configurations", in Colbourn, Charles J.; Dinitz, Jeffrey H. (eds.), Handbook of combinatorial designs, Discrete Mathematics and its Applications (Boca Raton) (Second ed.), Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 353–355.