55 Cancri: Stellar Astrophysical Parameters, a Planet in the Habitable Zone, and Implications for the Radius of a Transiting Super-Earth

;
• Boyajian, Tabetha S.
;
• ten Brummelaar, Theo A.
;
• Kane, Stephen R.
;
• van Belle, Gerard T.
;
• Ciardi, David R.
;
• Raymond, Sean N.
;
• López-Morales, Mercedes
;
• McAlister, Harold A.
;
• Schaefer, Gail
;
• Ridgway, Stephen T.
;
• Sturmann, Laszlo
;
• Sturmann, Judit
;
• White, Russel
;
• Turner, Nils H.
;
• Farrington, Chris
;
• Goldfinger, P. J.

Abstract

The bright star 55 Cancri is known to host five planets, including a transiting super-Earth. The study presented here yields directly determined values for 55 Cnc's stellar astrophysical parameters based on improved interferometry: R = 0.943 ± 0.010 R _sun, T _EFF = 5196 ± 24 K. We use isochrone fitting to determine 55 Cnc's age to be 10.2 ± 2.5 Gyr, implying a stellar mass of 0.905 ± 0.015 M _sun. Our analysis of the location and extent of the system's habitable zone (HZ; 0.67-1.32 AU) shows that planet f, with period ~260 days and Msin i = 0.155 M _Jupiter, spends the majority of the duration of its elliptical orbit in the circumstellar HZ. Though planet f is too massive to harbor liquid water on any planetary surface, we elaborate on the potential of alternative low-mass objects in planet f's vicinity: a large moon and a low-mass planet on a dynamically stable orbit within the HZ. Finally, our direct value for 55 Cancri's stellar radius allows for a model-independent calculation of the physical diameter of the transiting super-Earth 55 Cnc e (~2.05 ± 0.15 R _⊕), which, depending on the planetary mass assumed, implies a bulk density of 0.76 ρ_⊕ or 1.07 ρ_⊕.