Timeline Siberia

c250 Mil BP    The worst mass extinction in Earth’s history occurred about this time. 90% of life in the oceans and 70% of land animals disappeared within a million years due to a suspected asteroid impact. This was later called the "Permian-Triassic Extinction" and "The Great Dying." Scientists later suspected that an eruption of flood basalt in Russia, the Siberian Traps, caused the massive extinction. [see 225 and 200 mil]
    (SFC, 2/23/01, p.A1)(SFC, 6/10/02, p.A6)

400000BC - 48000BC     A human group, later called the Denisovans, lived in Asia during this period. They then interbred with humans expanding from Africa along the coast of South Asia. In 2010 fossil evidence from a Siberian cave in 2008 revealed that their DNA was related to the DNA of people from New Guinea, which contained 4.8% Denisovan DNA. 3-5% of the DNA from native people of Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Philippines and other nearby islands came from Denisovans, who left Africa as far back as 800,000 BC.
    (SFC, 12/23/10, p.A4)(SSFC, 9/16/12, p.C11)

48000BC-30000BC    In 2010 scientists reported that genetic material, pulled from a pinky finger bone found in a Siberian cave dating to this period, showed a new and unknown type of pre-human living about this time alongside modern humans and Neanderthals.
    (Reuters, 3/24/10)(SFC, 3/25/10, p.A4)(Econ, 3/27/10, p.87)

32000 BC-30000 BC    In 2012 A team of Russian scientists revived a plant, Silene stenophylla, whose seeds came from a squirrel’s chamber in Siberian permafrost dating to this time.
    (SFC, 2/21/12, p.A4)

c28000BC    In 2001 Russian and Norwegian archeologists reported evidence of humans camped at Mamontovaya Kurya on the Usa River at the Arctic circle. A tusk was dated at 36,600 years of age and plant remains at 30,000.
    (SFC, 9/6/01, p.E2)
c28000BC    In 2003 Russian scientists reported evidence of a hunting site on the Yana River, Siberia, 300 miles north of the Arctic Circle.
    (SFC, 1/2/04, p.A2)

21000BC-18000BC    In 2008 researchers reported that DNA evidence indicated that 95% of native Americans had descended from 6 women of this period. It was believed that the women had lived in Beringia, a land bridge that stretched from Asia to North America during this time.
    (SFC, 3/14/08, p.A12)

20000BC    Some scientists believe that ancient people from Siberia crossed the Bering land bridge about this time and began their southward migration into the Americas.
    (SFC, 5/23/98, p.A13)

16000BC    The west coast of North America deglaciated by this time allowing people, who had crossed the Bering Strait land bridge, to move south.
    (SFC, 4/4/08, p.A4)

12000BC    The last ice age ended about this time flooding the land bridge between Alaska and Siberia.
    (SFC, 4/4/08, p.A4)

2500BC-800BC    The Saqqaq people, the earliest known culture in southern Greenland, thrived over this period. In 2010 scientists sequenced the DNA from four frozen hairs of a Greenlander who lived among the Saqqaq around 2,000BC. He appeared to have originated in Siberia and was unrelated to modern Greenlanders.
    (Reuters, 2/10/10)

1000BC    Bronze age nomads erected mysterious megaliths throughout regions of Mongolia and southern Siberia about this time. Some scholars believed them to be the work of Iron Age peoples who appeared by 700BC.
    (Arch, 1/06, p.17)
c1000        The Yakut nation, a Turkish-speaking people, wandered north about this time to avoid the Mongols.
    (SFC, 1/21/98, Z1 p.4)

1411-1430    Yishiha, a eunuch commander of the Ming dynasty, took several expeditions down the Amur River, which the Chinese called Heilongjiang (Black Dragon).
    (Econ, 12/19/09, p.72)

1580        Jul, Some 540 Cossacks under Yermak invaded the territory of the Vogels, subjects to Kutchum, the Khan of Siberia. They were accompanied by 300 Lithuanian and German slave laborers, whom the Stroganoffs had purchased from the Tsar.
    (ON, 2/04, p.2)

1581        Russia began the conquest of Siberia. Cossacks under Yermak subdued Vogul towns and captured a tax collector of Khan Kutchum.
    (TL-MB, 1988, p.23)(ON, 2/04, p.2)

1582        May, Cossacks under Yermak advanced on the capital of Sibir. A coalition of 6 Tatar princes attacked them but lacked guns and were routed after several days of battle.
    (ON, 2/04, p.2)

1582        Jun 29, Tatar forces attacked invading Cossacks on the Tobol River but Cossack gunfire again repelled them.
    (ON, 2/04, p.2)

1582        Sep, Tatar forces that included Voguls and Ostiaks gathered at Mount Chyuvash to defend against invading Cossacks.
    (ON, 2/04, p.2)

1582        Oct 1, Cossacks attempted to storm the Tatar fort at Mount Chyuvash, but were held off.
    (ON, 2/04, p.4)

1582        Oct 23, Cossacks attempted to storm the Tatar fort at Mount Chyuvash for a 4th time when the Tatars counterattacked. Over a 100 Cossacks were killed but their gunfire forced a Tatar retreat allowed the capture of 2 Tatar cannons.
    (ON, 2/04, p.4)

1582        Nov, Tsar Ivan IV sent an official letter to the Stroganoff brothers accusing them of provoking the Voguls and Ostiaks by sending Yermak and his Cossacks into Siberia.
    (ON, 2/04, p.5)

1583        Envoys of Yermak reached Tsar Ivan IV and presented him with valuable bundles of furs from Siberia. Ivan wrote a full pardon for Yermak and his men and promised to send reinforcements and supplies to Siberia.
    (ON, 2/04, p.5)

1585        Aug 7, Tatar forces of Khan Kutchum attacked a sleeping Cossack expedition under Yermak near the mouth of the Vagay River in Siberia. The Cossacks were decimated and Yermak drowned wearing a suit of armor given him by Tsar Ivan.
    (ON, 2/04, p.5)

1640        Russia completed its conquest of Siberia and reached the Pacific Ocean.
    (ON, 2/04, p.5)

1643        Piotr Golovin, the Cossack governor of Russia’s Yakutsk province, sent an expedition under Vasily Poyarkov into the far eastern Amur watershed. After 3 winters Poyarkov returned to Yakutsk with fewer than a quarter of his 160 men.
    (Econ, 12/19/09, p.71)

1685        Jun, Qing Emperor Kangxi sent Manchu, Chinese and Daurian forces in a siege against Russians at Albazino on the far eastern Amur River. Some 100 of 800 Russians were killed on the first day of the attack. The survivors surrendered and returned to Nerchinsk.
    (Econ, 12/19/09, p.71)

1686        Russians returned to Albazino on the far eastern Amur River and were again attacked by the Manchus. After a year’s siege they surrendered with only 40 of 900 alive.
    (Econ, 12/19/09, p.71)

1689        Russian and Manchu delegates met at Nerchinsk and drew up a treaty in Latin. This was China’s first treaty with a European power. China agreed to open up trade in exchange for Russia’s withdrawal from the Amur.
    (Econ, 12/19/09, p.71)

1806        Apr, Nicolai Rezanov (42), a director of the Russian-American Co., arrived in SF aboard the Juno. He had proposed a California outpost to serve the Russian colonies in Alaska and sailed south to establish a settlement on the Columbia River but could not land there due to difficult seas. He sailed south to the Presidio at Monterey and negotiated a trade deal with Commander Jose Arguello. He also fell in love with Concepcion Arguello (d.1857), the daughter of Commander Arguello, and proposed marriage. He died that winter while crossing Siberia. In 2013 Owen Matthews “Glorious Misadventures: Nikolai Rezanov and the Dream of a Russian American.”
    (SFEC, 3/23/97,  p.T5)(SFC, 2/18/06, p.A1)(Econ, 7/20/13, p.74)

1854        Nikolai Muraviev, a governor of eastern Siberia, raised an 800-strong Cossack unit and floated barges down the Shilka River to the mouth of the Amur River. Through encroachment, diplomacy and impudence he secured the Amur Basin for the Tsar.
    (Econ, 12/19/09, p.72)

1856        Lothar von Faber of Germany bought a graphite mine in Siberia to secure raw material for his pencil manufacturing operations.
    (Econ, 3/3/07, p.73)

1860        Perry McDonough Collins (b.1813) authored “A Voyage Down the Amoor.” It told of his 1856-1857 journey down the river shortly before it was annexed by Russia. Perry McDonough Collins was the visionary behind the Russian American Telegraph of 1865-1867. The failed venture aimed to connect America to Europe by telegraph via the Bering Strait.
    (www.jstor.org/pss/1794606)(Econ, 12/19/09, p.70)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Collins)

1897-1902    The Jesup North Pacific Expedition was made to study the biological and cultural connections between peoples on each side of the Bering Strait. It was one of the first instances where a camera was used in such a study.
    (WSJ, 12/30/97, p.A8)

1904        Jul 21, After 13 years, the 4,607-mile Trans-Siberian railway was completed. [see Jul 31]
    (MC, 7/21/02)

1904        Jul 31, The Trans-Siberian railroad connecting the Ural mountains with Russia’s Pacific coast, was completed. [see Jul 21]
    (HN, 7/31/98)

1908        Jun 30, An explosion near the Tunguska River in Siberia incinerated some 300 sq. km. that encircled the impact of an estimated 60 meter diameter stony meteorite. It flattened some 40,000 trees over 900 sq. miles and caused damage equivalent to a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb. The explosion in Siberia, which knocked down trees in a 30-mile radius and struck people unconscious some 40 miles away, is believed by some scientists to be caused by a falling fragment from a meteorite.
    (NH, 9/97, p.85)(SFC, 3/12/98, p.A15)(HN, 6/30/98)(Econ, 12/23/06, p.123)

1918        Jul, The US War Dept. assigned some 9,000 soldiers from California and the Philippines for duty in Siberia.
    (Ind, 5/4/02, 5A)

1918        Sep 1, US troops landed in Vladivostok, Siberia, and stayed until 1920. [see Sep 2]
    (MC, 9/1/02)

1918        Sep 2, Some 9,000 soldiers from California and the Philippines began arriving at Vladivostok under Gen. William S. Graves. His orders said to stay out of trouble.
    (Ind, 5/4/02, 5A)

1919        Nov 14, Red Army captured Omsk, Siberia.
    (MC, 11/14/01)

1920        Feb 7, Adm. Alexander Kolchak (b.1874), commander of the White Army in Siberia during the civil war that followed the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, was executed by a firing squad in Irkutsk about a month after relinquishing command of anti-Bolshevik forces. He was condemned in Soviet law as a counterrevolutionary. In 2004 efforts began to exonerate him.
    (AP, 12/7/04)(www.firstworldwar.com/bio/kolchak.htm)

1927        Dec, Leonid Kulik (d.1942), Russian expert on meteorites, delivered his report to the Russian Academy of Sciences on his 2nd trip to the Tunguska site in Siberia regarding the 1908 meteorite explosion. He estimated that the meteorite had weighed several thousand metric tons and convinced the academy to sponsor another expedition in 1928.
    (ON, 6/08, p.8)

1930        Jan 9, Johannes ("John") Charles, Siberian contra-basso, snake handler, faith healer, grandson of Rasputin, was born.
    (MC, 1/9/02)

1944        Mar 8, The Soviet government celebrated International Women's Day by forcibly deporting almost the entire Balkar population to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Omsk Oblast in Siberia. Starting on 8 March and finishing the following day, the NKVD loaded 37,713 Balkars onto 14 train echelons bound for Central Asia and Siberia.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkars)

1947        Feb 12, A daytime fireball & meteorite fell and was seen in eastern Siberia.
    (MC, 2/12/02)

1949-1951    In Moldova SSR 2 waves of deportations were carried out, with some 40,000 Moldovans sent to Siberia and what is now Kazakhstan.
    (AP, 6/13/06)

1952        Nov 4, A magnitude 9.0 quake in Kamchatka caused damage but no reported deaths, despite setting off 30-foot (9.1-meter) waves in Hawaii.
    (AP, 2/27/10)

1955        Jan 31, A document thus dated stated that Yuri Rastvorov, a Soviet defector, told Eisenhower administration officials in a private Jan 28 meeting that US and other UN POWs were held in Siberia during the 1950-1953 Korean War.
    (SFEC, 5/5/96, World p.1)

1957        AndreÏ Makine, writer, was born in Siberia. He emigrated to Paris in 1987 where he authored "Dreams of My Russian Summers" (1994), "The Crime of Olga Arbyelina" (1998) and "Music of a Life" (2002).
    (SSFC, 8/18/02, p.M3)

1979        In Sverdlovsk, Siberia, there was an explosion at Compound 19, a biological weapons lab. 96 people were stricken from the release of anthrax bacterium and at least 66 [68] died. The name of the town was later changed to Yekaterinburg.
    (SFC, 2/20/98, p.A9)(SFC, 2/19/00, p.A14)

1982        Jun, "Farewell," a C.I.A. campaign of computer sabotage, stayed secret because the blast, estimated at three kilotons, took place in the Siberian wilderness, with no casualties known. "The pipeline software that was to run the pumps, turbines and valves was programmed to go haywire," writes Reed, "to reset pump speeds and valve settings to produce pressures far beyond those acceptable to the pipeline joints and welds. The result was the most monumental non-nuclear explosion and fire ever seen from space." "At the Abyss," by Thomas C. Reed, was published by Random House in 2004.
(http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/02/opinion/02SAFI.html)

1989        Jun 3, An explosion of a liquefied gas pipeline engulfed two Trans-Siberian Railroad trains parked outside the Central Asian city of Ufa in the Soviet Union. 575 people were killed.
    (AP, 4/23/04)

1991        In Soviet times the Sakha Republic was known as Yakutia. It is 4 times the size of Texas with about one million inhabitants.
    (SFC,10/20/97, p.A8)

1992        Liantor, Siberia, was incorporated as a town. Oil had been discovered in the 1980s and the population grew to 15,000. The area had been inhabited by the Khanty tribe, a Finno-Ugric speaking people.
    (WSJ, 7/1/98, p.A1)

1994        Mar 23, A Russian Airbus A-310 crashed in Siberia and some 70 people were killed.
    (www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/krono.exe?6223)

1997        Oct 19, It was reported that Aman Tuleyev was elected as Communist governor of Kemerova, also known as Kuzbass, a region in western Siberia.
    (SFC,10/20/97, p.A9)

1999        Oct 21, It was reported that a French-led expedition chopped clear the fully preserved carcass of a woolly mammoth, the "Jarkov Mammoth," from the permafrost of Siberia at Khatanga, Russia. The project was financed in part by the Discovery Channel and an int'l. TV broadcast was scheduled in Mar, 2000.
    (SFC, 10/21/99, p.A1)(SFC, 3/10/00, p.C1)

1999        Apr 19, The number of Siberian tigers living in the wilderness was reported to be less than 20. Loss of habitat due to deforestation was blamed.
    (SFC, 4/19/99, p.A6)

1999        Colin Thubron authored "In Siberia."
    (Econ, 9/30/06, p.93)

2001        Oct 4, A chartered Russian Tupelov-154 airplane crashed in to the Black Sea and all 78 people aboard were killed. The Sibir Airlines jet was bound to Novosibirsk from Tel Aviv. An accidental missile strike from Ukrainian military forces was suspected but denied by Ukraine officials. Pres. Putin said terrorists might have been responsible. Later evidence indicated that flight 1812 was hit by an S-200 missile. On Oct 12 Ukraine and Russia acknowledged that an errant missile was the probable cause. In 2003 Ukraine agreed to pay $200,000 for each Israeli killed.
    (SFC, 10/6/01, p.A11)(WSJ, 11/21/03, p.A1)(www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/100501crash.shtml)

2003        Apr 7, In the northern Siberian republic of Yakutia a fire engulfed an old wooden school, killing 21 students and a teacher.
    (AP, 4/7/03)

2003        Jun 16, An explosion collapsed the ceiling in the Ziminka mine in the town of Prokopyevsk, one of central Siberia's oldest coal mines, killing 11 miners and trapping 4 others, who were later rescued.
    (AP, 6/17/03)(AP, 6/18/03)

2004        Feb 26, In Siberia at least 15 people were killed and 17 more injured in a cafe explosion, which apparently was caused by a natural gas leak.
    (AP, 2/26/04)

2004        Mar 18, It was reported that only 40 of 426 Middle Chulym people continued to speak their native language. Only 35 of 600 Tofa people still spoke their native language.
    (SFC, 2/18/04, p.A7)

2004        Apr 10, In Siberia an apparent methane blast ripped through a coal mine, killing at least 44 miners.
    (AP, 4/11/04)(AP, 4/12/04)

2004        Aug 5, A helicopter conducting a forest survey crashed in northern Siberia after apparent engine trouble, killing all 15-16 people aboard.
    (AP, 8/5/04)

2004        Oct 28, In western Siberia 13 coal miners died after an explosion ripped through a coal mine.
    (AP, 10/28/04)

2004        Nov 10, In Siberia a fire in a wooden apartment building left at least 26 dead in the Tuva region capital, Kyzyl.
    (AP, 11/13/04)

2005        Feb 9, An explosion ripped through a mine in a coal-rich region of Siberia, killing at least 18 workers and leaving eight missing.
    (AP, 2/9/05)

2005        Jul 30, A Russia newspaper reported that a strain of bird flu harmful to humans has been found in an outbreak of the disease in Siberia.
    (AP, 7/30/05)

2005        Aug, Mikhail Yevdokimov, the governor of the Altai region of Siberia, was killed when the speeding car he was riding in smashed into a tree after colliding with the car driven by Oleg Shcherbinsky. In 2006 Shcherbinsky was sentenced to four years in a labor camp for his role in the car crash. Shcherbinsky had testified that the governor was traveling at least 125 mph and that he had no time to avoid the collision.
    (AP, 2/13/06)

2006        Jul 9, A Russian passenger plane skidded off a rain-slicked Siberian runway and plowed through a concrete barrier, bursting into flames. At least 118 people were killed and about 14 still unaccounted for.
    (AP, 7/9/06)

2006        Sep 7, In Siberia a blaze broke out in the Darasun gold mine in the Chita region. 64 miners were working underground when the fire broke out. 31 were rescued or evacuated, including 15 who were hospitalized. Rescuers recovered 12 bodies. Eight miners emerged from the burning mine after two days. The fate of at least nine others remained unknown in the accident that killed at least 16. Rescuers on Sep 10 found the bodies of the last four miners trapped deep underground at a remote Russian gold mine, bringing the final death toll to 25. On Sep 11 Rescuers recovered the bodies of the last of 25 miners.
    (AP, 9/8/06)(AP, 9/9/06)(Reuters, 9/10/06)(AP, 9/11/06)

2006        Sep 13, A helicopter crashed in Siberia, killing three of the four people aboard, an emergency official said. The MD-600 helicopter crashed about 12 miles from the city Novokuznetsk in the Kemerovo region about 1,850 miles east of Moscow.
    (AP, 9/13/06)

2006        Sep 30, In Siberia Enver Ziganshin, chief engineer for Rusia Petroleum, was found shot dead at his country home. Rusia Petroleum an affiliate of BP PLC’s Russian joint venture, faced problems over its license to produce natural gas at the large Konvykta field.
    (WSJ, 10/3/06, p.A6)

2006        Dec 10, In Siberia 9 patients of a clinic for the mentally ill died in a fire.
    (AP, 12/10/06)

2007        Mar 19, A methane gas explosion ripped through a Siberian coal mine, killing 110 miners in the country's worst mining disaster in more than a decade.
    (WSJ, 3/21/07, p.A1)(AP, 3/19/08)

2007        Apr 24, At a conference in Moscow titled “Megaprojects of Russia’s East,” supporters proposed a 68-mile tunnel under the Bering Strait. The tunnel linking Alaska and Siberia would cost $65 billion and take some 20 years to build.
    (SFC, 4/25/07, p.A6)

2007        May 24, A methane explosion tore through a coal mine in southern Siberia, killing 38 miners and injuring seven others. One worker died days later raising the toll to 39.
    (AP, 5/24/07)(AP, 5/27/07)

2007        Jul 21, Attackers dressed in dark clothes and wielding metal pipes raided a camp of environmental protesters near Angarsk, Siberia, leaving one dead and several injured. Over 20 demonstrators had been camped out by a reservoir, about 2,600 miles east of Moscow, to protest nuclear waste processing at the state-owned Angarsk Electrolysis Chemical Plant.
    (AP, 7/21/07)

2008        Jan 17, In Germany officials said a troubled teen (16) is spending nine months in remote Siberia as part of efforts to turn him away from violence. "If he doesn't hack wood, his place is cold. If he doesn't get water, he can't wash."
    (AP, 1/17/08)

2008        Jul 29, Russian news said 2 small, manned submarines reached the bottom of Lake Baikal, the world's deepest freshwater lake. The "Mir-1" and "Mir-2" submersibles descended 1.05 miles (1,680 meters) to the bottom of the vast Siberian lake.
    (AP, 7/29/08)

2009        Jan 9, A Russian helicopter owned by the state gas giant Gazprom crashed while on a hunting trip in the mountains of Western Siberia, killing eight aboard. 3 people survived. The crash involved government officials on an illegal hunt.
    (AP, 1/11/09)(WSJ, 4/28/09, p.A8)

2009        Mar 13, Russia’s Kontinental Management said it has closed for good its Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, located on the southern edge of Lake Baikal. It halted production in October. The plant has polluted the world's largest freshwater lake with chemical effluent for decades.
    (AP, 3/13/09)

2009        May 3, A gas explosion tore through a Siberian apartment block and sparked a fire that engulfed the building, killing eight people, including two children.
    (AP, 5/3/09)

2009        May 29, Russian and American officials formally dedicated a high-tech plant in southern Siberia, built with the help of $1 billion from the US and designed to destroy about 2 million chemical weapons shells.
    (AP, 5/29/09)

2009        Aug 17, In Russia powerful explosion took place during repair work at the Sayano-Shushinskaya hydroelectric plant in southern Siberia. The death toll soon reached 69 with 6 still missing and feared dead after an engine room was suddenly flooded. The accident produced an oil spill and the slick that floated down the Yenisei River.
    (AP, 8/17/09)(AP, 8/18/09)(AP, 8/21/09)(AP, 8/23/09)

2009        Nov 1, A Russian heavy-lift military cargo plane crashed on takeoff in Siberia, killing all 11 crew members on board.
    (AP, 11/1/09)

2010        Jan 20, In Siberia Konstantin Popov (47), a reporter for Tomskaya Nedelya weekly, died after nearly two weeks in a coma. He had been taken in police custody to sober up. Police officer Alexei Mitayev (26) shot him in the genitals after beating him up. On Feb 11, 2011, Mitayev was convicted of beating and shooting Popov and was sentenced to 12 years in prison.
    (AP, 2/11/11)

2010        Apr 10, French explorer Jean-Louis Etienne (63) made the first Arctic crossing by balloon, landing in the tundra of eastern Siberia five days after taking off in Norway.
    (AP, 4/10/10)

2010        May 8, In western Siberia 2 explosions tore through the Raspadskaya mine just before midnight, killing at least 66 workers and injuring 41 others. A further 24 people remained trapped in the mine, Russia's largest underground coal mine, including rescue workers.
    (AP, 5/9/10)(AP, 5/10/10)(AP, 5/11/10)(AP, 5/12/10)(AP, 5/13/10)

2010        Aug 3, In northern Siberia a twin-engine Antonov-24 turboprop passenger plane crashed near Igarka, killing at least 11 of the 15 people on board.
    (AP, 8/3/10)

2011        Jul 11, Russia's Investigative Committee said a Tangara airline plane carrying 33 people crashed as it tried to make an emergency landing on the Ob river in Siberia, killing five people.
    (AP, 7/11/11)

2011        Sep, A mammoth was excavated from the Siberian permafrost after it was found by a Russian boy named Jenya (11). In 2012 scientists suggested that the mammoth might have been killed by human hunters 20-30 thousand years ago.
    (SFC, 10/6/12, p.A4)

2012        Feb 21, It was reported that a team of Russian scientists have revived a plant, Silene stenophylla, whose seeds came from a squirrel’s chamber in Siberian permafrost dating back 30k-32k years.
    (SFC, 2/21/12, p.A4)

2012        Feb 26, A powerful earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8 shook southwestern Siberia, the second to hit the area in two months. There were no immediate reports of damage or injuries.
    (AP, 2/26/12)

2012        Apr 2, A Russian passenger plane, an ATR-72 turboprop operated by UTair, crashed into a snowy field in Siberia shortly after takeoff from Tyumen, killing 31 of the 43 people on board. The 12 survivors were hospitalized in serious condition.
    (AP, 4/2/12)

2012        Sep 11, Scientists reported the discovery of well-preserved wooly mammoth fragments some 328 feet underground in Yakutia, Siberia.
    (SFC, 9/12/12, p.A2)

2013        Jul 2, A Russian helicopter packed with passengers crashed in Siberia, killing at least 19 of the 28 people aboard.
    (Reuters, 7/2/13)

2013        Dec 26, A Russian plane crashed in Siberia, killing nine people. The Soviet-built Antonov An-12 plane belonging to an aircraft factory in Novosibirsk was carrying six crew and three others on a flight to another factory in Irkutsk.
    (Reuters, 12/26/13)

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