Unit 14: Asian Shipbuilding (Training Manual for the UNESCO Foundation Course on the protection and management of the Underwater Cultural Heritage)
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Paper Asia-Pacific regional conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Manilla 2011
The Centre for International Heritage Activities (CIE) has been involved in developing Maritime and Underwater Cultural Heritage Programs (MUCH) in Asia and Africa since the 1990s. Although these programs aimed for a general development of capacity and awareness for MUCH in the specific region, often the focal point of the program was international (colonial) heritage sites. Although understandable from the practical implication of funding opportunities and available expertise of the international trainers, our experiences showed that this focus was not ideal for the establishment of a sustainable policy on MUCH management in the post colonial countries.
Training Manual for the UNESCO Foundation Course on the Protection and Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage in Asia and the Pacific is a fruit of a UNESCO regional capacity-building project to protect and manage underwater archaeological sites through the establishment of a regional Centre of Excellence, funded by the Royal Government of Norway. It provides a consistent curriculum for Foundation Courses and a high standard of delivery of the training units. It also provides future trainers with a framework that enables them to create personalized presentations, practical sessions and assessments. UNESCO, in collaboration with the Underwater Archaeology Division of the Fine Arts Department, Ministry of Culture, Thailand, and ICOMOS-ICUCH, has established the Asia-Pacific Regional Field Training Centre on Underwater Cultural Heritage in Chanthaburi Province, Thailand, and from 2009 to 2011 hosted three Foundation Courses and two Advanced Course concerning the protection of the u...
Protecting and Preserving Underwater Cultural Heritage in Southeast Asia
The Palgrave Handbook on Art Crime, 2019
rediscovered the wrecks in the 1960s and recovered a number of objects from the vessels (see Burchell 1971). 3 The trumpet was eventually passed to the underwater archaeology branch of the US Naval History and Heritage Command for conservation. Executive Director of the Survivors' Association, John Schwarz, noted: 'We have no idea of the untold number of other divers who have pilfered our ship, and were not straight up, and have kept relics retrieved for their own personal use, "stealing" that which truly belong to the lasting memory of the bravery and dedication of the men who served on these warships' (Power 2016). 4 2001 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Convention, Article 1: For the purposes of this Convention: 1. (a) 'Underwater cultural heritage' means all traces of human N. Pearson existence having a cultural, historical or archaeological character which have been partially or totally under water, periodically or continuously, for at least 100 years such as: (i) sites, structures, buildings, artefacts and human remains, together with their archaeological and natural context; (ii) vessels, aircraft, other vehicles or any part thereof, their cargo or other contents, together with their archaeological and natural context; and (iii) objects of prehistoric character. (b) Pipelines and cables placed on the seabed shall not be considered as underwater cultural heritage. (c) Installations other than pipelines and cables, placed on the seabed and still in use, shall not be considered as underwater cultural heritage. 5 Nor are Indonesia, Australia or America party to the 2001 UNESCO Convention. 6 The US government enacted the Sunken Military Craft Act (SMCA) in 2004. Its primary purpose is to preserve and protect from unauthorised disturbance all sunken military craft (including USS Houston) that are owned by the US government. Pursuant to this legislation, the US Navy's sunken military craft remain property of the US regardless of their location or the passage of time and may not be disturbed without the permission from the US Navy. USS Houston has benefited from an active, funded program and an equally active Survivor's Association; despite these measures, however, USS Houston has not been exempt from illegal looting and salvaging (see Anonymous (Naval History and Heritage Command); see also USS Houston CA-30: The Galloping Ghost of the Java Coast [Online]. Available: http://usshouston. org/ [Accessed 2016]). 7 Indonesia's Research Institute for Coastal Resources and Vulnerability, housed within the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, has also assessed HMAS Perth and identified it as vulnerable to the threats of 'the activities of illegal salvagers who loot the ship's iron/metal, sea sandmining operations, waste pollution, and vessel traffic disturbance' (Ridwan et al. 2016).
UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE IN ASIA PACIFIC: INTRODUCTION
International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 2021
This is an introductory article in the underwater cultural heritage themed issue of the International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 17.2, 2021, which includes a further 6 articles: the UNESCO Protection on the Underwater Cultural Heritage; conservation management of maritime heritage in the Philippines; management of the Phanom-Surin shipwreck in Thailand; a maritime cultural landscape in Hong Kong; underwater cultural heritage across the Pacific; and a retrospective of the Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage. The Asia Pacific region has a long historical connection with the sea, from early homo genus seafaring or accidental migration; Austronesian speaking people voyaging the worlds' largest ocean thousands of years ago; and the intra-regional trade that developed into the Maritime Silk Road and connected Asia, India, Africa, Arabia and Europe. The Asia Pacific region contains material heritage, of which some is found underwater and around the coast, as well as Living Heritage, connected to this culture and history. It is a vibrant and highly significant heritage that reflects aspects of the cultural identity of Asia Pacific people.
Marine Policy, 2023
On 1–2 November 2021, the National Taiwan Ocean University’s Center of Excellence for the Oceans hosted the Fourth Asia-Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage (APConf). Approximately 300 ar- chaeologists, academics, heritage managers, marine scientists, consultants, practitioners, policymakers and students from 33 jurisdictions gathered online and in-person to showcase results of the latest underwater cultural heritage field investigation, protection and management research, together with new trends and techniques, conservation and restoration practices from around the region. There were five opening addresses, two keynote speeches, two short promotional videos, and 63 papers, yet the conference closed with no tangible marine policy outcomes. In response, Dalian Maritime University launched a new Asian Regional Underwater Cultural Heritage Project to address the policy gaps.
Final report International Programme for Maritime Heritage 2017-2021
Final report International Programme for Maritime Heritage 2017-2021, 2022
This is the final report of the International Programme for Maritime Heritage, carried out between 2017 and 2021 under the aegis of the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE). This report describes the programme's goals, its mission, vision and how it worked towards those goals, including the adjustments required by the corona crisis to achieve them. This overview shows how much has been achieved in a relatively short time and what structure has been put in place to ensure the continued sound management of underwater cultural heritage. See for example the various protocols for maritime heritage that have been published. At the end of the report, a glimpse into the future awaits the reader when the vision described at the beginning of the programme is recalled and suggestions are made for further steps and their implementation. This publication is also available in Dutch.
The term "Underwater Cultural Heritage" encompasses all traces of the existence of humanity inclusive of sites, structures, wrecks and their cargo, artifacts, prehistoric objects, et alhaving a cultural, historical, or archaeological character that has been over the years submerged and thus exists underwater. The concept of underwater archaeology or heritage can be said to be a relatively novel discipline and with the passage of time become a concerned discourse as the need for the protection of these underwater cultural heritage became of paramount and intrinsic value to mankind. A number of states have enacted legislations that specifically applies to underwater cultural heritage but most of these municipal heritage protection legislation, does not apply beyond territorial waters. A less comprehensive attempt was made Mankind stand in some relation to the oceans and its inhabitantsas means of transportation, communication, political and religious affiliation etc. The importance of the oceans and its bodies cannot be over-emphasized. However, traversing the seas brings peril in proportion to its benefits: scholars estimate that more than three million shipwrecks currently lie on the ocean floors. Of these, scientists have explored less than one percent. 1 This is a wealth of knowledge for archeologists and other persons of interest seeking to understand patterns of human behavior over the centuries, as well as scholars seeking to recover lost elements of history. These pre-historic underwater properties can be said to be part of the concept of underwater cultural heritage.