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History
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A ligation-independent cloning technique for high-throughput assembly of transcription activator–like effector genes
Transcription activator–like (TAL) effector proteins derived from Xanthomonas species have emerged as versatile scaffolds for engineering DNA-binding proteins of user-defined specificity and functionality. Here we describe a rapid, simple, ...
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Мехмед III
Тот, кто убил своих девятнадцать братьев, может убить и своих сыновей...Султан Ахмед Мехмед III (осман. محمد ثالث, тур. Üçüncü Mehmet) — османский султан, преемник Мурада III. Сын Сафие Султан, отец шехзаде Махмуда, Ахмеда I, Мустафы I и Дильрубы Султан. Мехмед III родился в мае 1568 года в Стамбуле в семье будущего османского султана Мурада III и его наложницы Сафие Султан. Мехмед вступил на престол в 1595 году после смерти отца и сразу же казнил 19 своих братьев по существовавшей тогда традиц
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Genomic architecture of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) shows expansions of innate immune genes and short tandem repeats - BMC Genomics
Background Increased availability of genome assemblies for non-model organisms has resulted in invaluable biological and genomic insight into numerous vertebrates, including teleosts. Sequencing of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) genome and the genomes of many of its relatives (Gadiformes) demonstrated a shared loss of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II genes 100 million years ago. An improved version of the Atlantic cod genome assembly shows an extreme density of tandem repeats compared to other vertebrate genome assemblies. Highly contiguous assemblies are therefore needed to further investigate the unusual immune system of the Gadiformes, and whether the high density of tandem repeats found in Atlantic cod is a shared trait in this group. Results Here, we have sequenced and assembled the genome of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) – a relative of Atlantic cod – using a combination of PacBio and Illumina reads. Comparative analyses reveal that the haddock genome contains an even higher density of tandem repeats outside and within protein coding sequences than Atlantic cod. Further, both species show an elevated number of tandem repeats in genes mainly involved in signal transduction compared to other teleosts. A characterization of the immune gene repertoire demonstrates a substantial expansion of MCHI in Atlantic cod compared to haddock. In contrast, the Toll-like receptors show a similar pattern of gene losses and expansions. For the NOD-like receptors (NLRs), another gene family associated with the innate immune system, we find a large expansion common to all teleosts, with possible lineage-specific expansions in zebrafish, stickleback and the codfishes. Conclusions The generation of a highly contiguous genome assembly of haddock revealed that the high density of short tandem repeats as well as expanded immune gene families is not unique to Atlantic cod – but possibly a feature common to all, or most, codfishes. A shared expansion of NLR genes in teleosts suggests that the NLRs have a more substantial role in the innate immunity of teleosts than other vertebrates. Moreover, we find that high copy number genes combined with variable genome assembly qualities may impede complete characterization of these genes, i.e. the number of NLRs in different teleost species might be underestimates.
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Michael Radchuk - Todo por el Fútbol ⚽
Iniciar Sesión Costa Rica Copa de Costa...
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최효진 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전
최효진의 다른 뜻은 다음과 같다. 최효진(1950년 ~ )은 대한민국의 기업인이다. 최효진(1974년 ~ )은 대한민국의 인터넷 쇼핑몰/창업컨설턴트,패션 기업인이다. 최효진(崔孝鎭, 1983 ~ )은 대한민국의 전 축구 선수였다. 최효진 (1985 ~ )은 대한민국의 배구 선수이다. 최효진은 (1992~)은 대한민국의 댄서이다. 같이 보기[편집] 제목에 "최효진"...