The ‘30K’ superfamily of viral movement proteins

Relationships among the amino acid sequences of viral movement proteins related to the 30 kDa (‘30K’) movement protein of tobacco mosaic virus – the 30K superfamily – were explored. Sequences were grouped into 18 families. A comparison of secondary structure predictions for each family revealed a common predicted core structure flanked by variable N- and C-terminal domains. The core consisted of a series of β-elements flanked by an α-helix on each end. Consensus sequences for each of the families were generated and aligned with one another. From this alignment an overall secondary structure prediction was generated and a consensus sequence that can recognize each family in database searches was obtained. The analysis led to criteria that were used to evaluate other virus-encoded proteins for possible membership of the 30K superfamily. A rhabdoviral and a tenuiviral protein were identified as 30K superfamily members, as were plant-encoded phloem proteins. Parsimony analysis grouped tubule-forming movement proteins separate from others. Establishment of the alignment of residues of diverse families facilitates comparison of mutagenesis experiments done on different movement proteins and should serve as a guide for further such experiments.