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Activity of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum canum, and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils against Plasmodium falciparum and mature-stage larvae of Anopheles funestus s.s - PubMed

Comparative Study

Activity of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum canum, and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils against Plasmodium falciparum and mature-stage larvae of Anopheles funestus s.s

Patrick Akono Ntonga et al. Parasite. 2014.

Abstract

The biological activities of essential oils from three plants grown in Cameroon: Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum canum, and Cymbopogon citratus were tested against Plasmodium falciparum and mature-stage larvae of Anopheles funestus. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analyses showed that the main compounds are geranial, 1,8-cineole and linalool in C. citratus, O. canum and O. basilicum, respectively. Larvicidal tests carried out according to the protocol recommended by the World Health Organization showed that the essential oil of leaves of C. citratus is the most active against larvae of An. funestus (LC50 values = 35.5 ppm and 34.6 ppm, respectively, for larval stages III and IV after 6 h of exposure). Besides, the in vitro anti-plasmodial activity evaluated by the radioisotopic method showed that the C. citratus oil is the most active against P. falciparum, with an IC50 value of 4.2 ± 0.5 μg/mL compared with O. canum (20.6 ± 3.4 μg/mL) and O. basilicum (21 ± 4.6 μg/mL). These essential oils can be recommended for the development of natural biocides for fighting the larvae of malaria vectors and for the isolation of natural products with anti-malarial activity.

Les activités biologiques des huiles essentielles de trois plantes cultivées au Cameroun, Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum canum et Cymbopogon citratus ont été testées contre Plasmodium falciparum et les stades mûrs des larves d’Anopheles funestus s.s. Les analyses par chromatographie en phase gazeuse et chromatographie en phase gazeuse–spectrométrie de masse ont montré que les principaux composés sont le géranial, le 1,8-cineole et le linalool, respectivement, dans les huiles essentielles de C. citratus, O. canum et O. basilicum. Les tests larvicides réalisés selon le protocole recommandé par l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé ont montré que l’huile essentielle des feuilles de C. citratus est la plus active vis-à-vis des larves d’An. funestus s.s. (CL₅₀ = 35,5 ppm et 34,6 ppm respectivement pour les larves de stades III et IV après 6 heures d’exposition). En outre, l’activité antiplasmodiale in vitro évaluée par la méthode radio-isotopique a montré que l’huile essentielle de C. citratus est la plus active contre P. falciparum avec une CL₅₀ de 4,2 ± 0,5 μg/ml comparée à celles d’O. canum (20,6 ± 3,4 μg/ml) et d’O. basilicum (21 ± 4,6 μg/ml). Ces huiles essentielles peuvent être recommandées pour le développement de biocides naturels contre les larves des vecteurs du paludisme et pour l’isolement de molécules naturelles ayant une activité anti-plasmodiale.

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Figures

**Figure 1.**
Percentage of mortality of stage III larvae of *Anopheles funestus* s.s. depending on the duration of exposure to different concentrations of the essential oil of *Cymbopogon citratus*.

**Figure 2.**
Percentage of mortality of stage IV larvae of *Anopheles funestus* s.s. depending on the duration of exposure to different concentrations of the essential oil of *Cymbopogon citratus*.

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Activity of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum canum, and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils against Plasmodium falciparum and mature-stage larvae of Anopheles funestus s.s - PubMed