[Zika Virus: A Review to Clinicians] - PubMed
Review
. 2015 Nov-Dec;28(6):760-5.
Epub 2015 Dec 31.
[Article in Portuguese]
Affiliations
- PMID: 26849762
Free article
Review
[Zika Virus: A Review to Clinicians]
[Article in Portuguese]
Vitor Laerte Pinto Junior et al. Acta Med Port. 2015 Nov-Dec.
Free article
Abstract
Zika virus is a flavivirus related to Dengue virus, yellow fever virus and West Nile virus. It is considered an emerging arbovirus transmitted by mosquitos of the genus Aedes. Its first description took place in 1947 in the Zika Forest in Uganda, isolated on Rhesus monkey used as bait to study the yellow fever virus. Sporadic cases have been detected in African countries and at the end of the 70's in Indonesia. In 2007, epidemics were described in Micronesia and other islands in the Pacific Ocean and more recently in Brazil. Clinical picture is characterized as a 'dengue-like' syndrome, with abrupt onset of fever and an early onset evanescent rash, often pruritic. Occasionally the disease has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Nevertheless, until now deaths and complications caused by the disease were not reported. The diagnosis can be performed by PCR or by IgG and IgM antibodies detection. The rapid spread of the virus and its epidemic potential are especially problematic in countries where there are the circulation of other arboviruses which imposes difficulties in the differential diagnosis and healthcare burden. Control measures are the same recommended for dengue and chikungunya which are based in health education and vector control.
O vírus Zika é um flavivírus filogeneticamente relacionado com o vírus dengue, vírus da febre-amarela e vírus do Nilo Ocidental. É considerado uma arbovirose emergente transmitida por mosquitos do género Aedes. A sua descoberta deu-se em 1947 na floresta Zika no Uganda, isolado em macaco Rhesus que servia de isco para estudo do vírus da febre-amarela. Foram detetados casos isolados em países de África e no final da década de 70 na Indonésia. A partir 2007 foram descritas epidemias na Micronésia e outras ilhas do Oceano Pacífico e, mais recentemente, no Brasil. Carateriza-se clinicamente como uma síndrome febril aguda 'tipo-dengue' com aparecimento precoce de exantema evanescente muitas vezes pruriginoso; ocasionalmente a doença tem sido associada à síndrome de Guillain-Barré. No entanto, até ao momento não foram relatadas mortes pela doença e suas complicações. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado por meio de técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase ou por pesquisa de anticorpos IgG e IgM. A rápida disseminação do vírus e seu potencial epidémico são preocupantes especialmente em territórios com circulação de outras arboviroses pela dificuldadeno diagnóstico diferencial e na sobrecarga dos serviços de saúde. As medidas de controlo são as mesmas recomendadas para a dengue e chikungunya, baseadas em educação em saúde e controlo do vetor.
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