S. Gorb | Semantic Scholar

An extensive microscopic study has shown a strong inverse scaling effect in these attachment devices, whereas μm dimensions of the terminal elements of the setae are sufficient for flies and beetles, geckos must resort to sub-μm devices to ensure adhesion.

These findings illustrate for the first time that integrity of inner shell surfaces is tightly coupled to the animals' energy budget under conditions of CO2 stress and suggest that under food limited conditions, energy is allocated to more vital processes instead of shell conservation.

The principles of cuticular attachment in Arthropoda and its applications in frictional systems and dragonfly and damselfly head-arresting system are explained.

The analysis demonstrates, that similar structures (arolium, euplantulae, hairy tarsomeres) have evolved independently in several lineages, and some of them support monophyletic groups (e.g. Embioptera + Dermaptera; Dictyoptera + Phasmatodea; Hymenoptera+ Mecopterida; Neuropterida + Strepsiptera + Coleoptera).

Measurements of the adhesion force exerted by a single gecko spatula for various atmospheric conditions and surface chemistries show that humidity contributes significantly to gecko adhesion on a nanoscopic level, crucial for the development of artificial biomimetic attachment systems.

The myrmecochorous syndrome is a major explanatory factor in the decline in the ability of ants to remove diaspores from ant nests and the dispersal systems used for this removal are poorly understood.

This paper studies slide-resisting forces generated by claws in the free-walking beetle Pachnoda marginata with emphasis on the relationship between the dimension of the claw tip and the substrate texture, and proposes a model explaining the saturation of friction force with increased texture roughness.

Based on the theoretical results, adhesion in biological systems is discussed, focusing on the adhesive pads of lizards, and the plate–substrate pull-off force as a function of the surface roughness is studied.