Ukraine

Ukraine

Map of Ukraine	Hear National Anthem "Shche ne vmerla Ukrayina" (Ukraine has not Perished)	Text of National Anthem (1917-1920 unofficial non-communist) Adopted 5 Dec 1991 (Lyrics 6 Mar 2003)	Constitution   (28 Jun 1996)
Capital: Kiev (Kyyiv)	Currency: Hryvnya (UAH); 1992-96 Karbovanets' (UAK); 1918-23 and 1991-92 Russian Ruble (RUR); 1918-19 Hryvnya (UAH) 1918 & 1919-20 Karbovanets'	National Holiday: 24 Aug (1991) Denʹ nezalezhnosty Ukrayiny (Independence Day of Ukraine)	Population: 43,306,477 (2023) 25,000,000 (Ukrainian State 1918 est.)
GDP: $379.8 billion (2022)	Exports: $56.9 billion (2022) Imports: $83.8 billion (2022)	Ethnic groups: Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001)
Total Active Armed Forces: 209,000 (2021) 60,000 (Nov. 1918) Former Nuclear Power: 5,000 weapons (1991-1996) Merchant marine: 410 ships (2022)	Religions: Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate 50.4%, Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate 26.1%, Ukrainian Greek Catholic 8%, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox 7.2%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Protestant 2.2%, Jewish 0.6%, none and other 3.2% (2006)
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Ukraine Index	Chronology c.862            Grand Principality of Rus' (later referred to as          Kievan Rus' [Kiyevskaya Rus'] by historians), ruled by the Ryurikovich (Rurikid) dynasty. The dynasty follows agnatic seniority, and established first at Novgorod, then from 882 at          Kiev (see below). 988              Grand Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich converts to        (Orthodox) Christianity. 12 Mar 1169                Kiev sacked by the forces of Andrey Yuryevich "Bogolyubskiy" of Vladimir-Suzdal'        (b. c.1111 - d. 1174)(see under Russia).  8 Sep 1173                Kiev sacked by the forces of Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich (III) of Chernigov. 1201             Kiev captured by Roman Mstislavich (I) of Galich-Vladimir.  2 Jan 1203     Kiev captured and sacked by Ryurik Rostislavich and his Cuman-Kipchak (Kypchak) allies. Dec 1237/Feb 1241          The Mongols invade most of the regional principalities of Rus' (Kiev itself being sacked and destroyed on 6 Dec 1240).1243                       The Mongols granted the title (non-hereditary until 1389) of Grand Prince ("senior of all Princes of Rus'") to the prince of Vladimir, the seat of the Grand Prince is moved from Kiev          to Vladimir (1246-1249 title not granted, 1249-          1252 this arrangement interrupted)(see Russia). 1243 - 1362    Under the Mongol (from 1259, the Golden Horde) and increasingly nominally under the Grand Prince of Vladimir suzerainty. 1254 - 1340        Galicia and Volhynia made an independent Kingdom          of Rus' (see under Galicia). 1299             Metropolitan Maksim (d. 1305) moves the seat of the Orthodox Metropolitanate of Rus' from Kiev        to Vladimir (in modern day Russia). 1324 - 1331    Principality of Kiev briefly under the Lithuanian suzerainty (in 1331 returned to Golden Horde). 1340/1362                  Northern Ukraine becomes subject to Lithuania (from 1340 Volhynia [see Galicia]; Chernigov          in 1357 [principality abolished in 1401]; Novgorod-Severskiy 1362 [principality continued until cession to Moscow in 1503]; Kiev in 1362). 1471                       Kiev voivodeship created within Lithuania which formally ends Kiev's local autonomy, the principality of Kiev abolished.  1 Jul 1569                By the Union of Lublin, joining Poland and        Lithuania, Ukrainian lands are transferred        from Lithuania to Poland.  2 May 1648                Hetmanate rebellion against Poland begins. 17 Aug 1649                In the Treaty of Zboriv (Zborów) recognized by Poland as an autonomous Hetmanate (see below), later retrospectively referred to by historians as the "Ukrainian Cossack Republic."  6 Apr 1654                Hetmanate under Russian sovereignty by the Treaty of Pereyaslav (signed 8/18 Jan 1654).  6 Sep 1658                Under Polish sovereignty by the Treaty of  Hadiach (Hadyach/Gadyach). 17 Jun 1663                Split in the pro-Russian Left-Bank Hetmanate  (east of the Dnieper River) and the pro-Polish Right-Bank Hetmanate (west of the Dnieper).  9 Feb 1667                In Treaty of Andrusovo, Hetmanate provisionally  partitioned between Poland and Russia. Russia  obtains Left-Bank Ukraine (including Kiev and  Zaporozhia Sich), in Russian official usage always the Little Russia, Poland retains the Right-Bank (partition is confirmed by the 'Eternal' Peace of 6 May 1686). 27 Aug 1672 - 22 Sep 1699  Podolia, Bratslav, and part of Kiev provinces        occupied (and eventually annexed) by the Ottoman Empire. Jun 1699         Right-Bank Hetmanate abolished by Poland. 17 Nov 1764  Hetmanate fully incorporated into Russia. 18 Sep 1793/24 Oct 1795    Polish parts of Ukraine are annexed by Russia in the Second and Third Partitions of the  Poland-Lithuania. 24 Jan 1905 - May 1906     Local rebellions part of Russian Revolution of    1905, the Soviets (Councils) of Workers' Deputies were elected and rebellions attempted          late 1905 - early 1906 in Aleksandrovsk (modern Zaporizhzhya), Gorlovka, Kharkov, Kiev, Yekaterinoslav (modern Dnipro), Yuzovka (modern Donets'k). 20 Nov 1917                Ukrainian People's Republic (Ukrayins'ka Narodnya          Respublika)(non-Communist) is proclaimed, as part of a federal Russian republic. 23 Dec 1917        Soviet Russian occupation of Khar'kov (Kharkiv). 25 Dec 1917                Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets        established in Khar'kov (Kharkiv) as a        (Communist) counter-government, part of a        federal Soviet Russian republic. 22 Jan 1918                Ukrainian People's Republic (non-Communist)  declares independence from Russia.  9 Feb 1918 -  1 Mar 1918  Soviet Russian occupation of Kiev (Kyyiv)(the    non-Communist government moves to Zhitomir    (Zhytomyr], the Soviet troops occupy Poltava    on 19 Jan 1918, Kamenets-Podol'skiy [Kam'yanets'-Podil's'kyy] on 21 Jan 1918, Chernigov [Chernihiv] on 1 Feb 1918, and    Zhitomir on 12 Feb 1918).  1 Mar 1918 - 16 Dec 1918  German and Austro-Hungarian occupation (by    agreement of 9 Feb 1918); Germans in Zhitomir        (24 Feb), Kiev (1 Mar), Chernigov        (12 Mar), Poltava (30 Mar), Khar'kov (8 Apr), in Crimea (22 Apr); Austrians in Kamenets-        Podol'skiy (28 Feb), and Odessa (13 Mar), Yekaterinoslav ((modern Dnipro)(4 Apr 1918).    Germany occupies the former Kiev Military    District (and Crimea), while Austria-Hungary    occupies former Odessa Military District (minus Crimea) .  3 Mar 1918       Independence of Ukraine recognized by Russian S.F.S.R. in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (annulled by Soviet Russia 13 Nov 1918). 19 Mar 1918                Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets (Communist)    declares independence as Ukrainian Soviet    Republic, subordinated to Russian S.F.S.R. 18 Apr 1918 - 28 Nov 1918  Communist authorities dissolved and exiled        following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the fall of Lugansk (Luhans'k) to the Germans. 29 Apr 1918                Ukrainian State (Ukrayins'ka Derzhava)(under joint German and Austro-Hungarian occupation),          replacing the People's Republic. 28 Nov 1918                (Communist) Provisional Workers' and Peasants'        Government of Ukraine established (in Soviet Russia exile). 14 Dec 1918        Ukrainian People's Republic (non-communist) restored in Kiev, in rebellion against the    Ukrainian State from 16 Nov 1918 in Belaya Tserkov' (Bila Tserkva). 18 Dec 1918 -  8 Apr 1919  Allied (France) Powers occupation of Odessa.  5 Jan 1919      Soviet Russian intervention (from 3 Jan 1919        in Khar'kov [Kharkiv], 12 Jan 1919 Chernigov [Chernihiv], 18 Jan 1919 Poltava and 27 Jan        1919 in Yekaterinoslav [Katerynoslav]).  5 Feb 1919                Soviet Russian forces occupy Kiev (followed by occupation of Zhitomir on 12 Apr 1919). 10 Mar 1919                Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (name adopted    already 6 Jan 1919), sovereignty and (nominal)    independence declared. 21 Apr 1919 -  3 Jun 1919  Soviet Russia occupies Kamenets-Podolskiy        (Kam'yanets'-Podil's'kyy), regained by the    Ukrainian People's Republic (seat of government    from 6 Jun 1919).  2 Sep 1919 - 16 Dec 1919  "White" Russian Armed Forces in the South of Russia under Anton Denikin occupies Kiev (Kiev    oblast created) and most of Ukraine (in Odessa 24 Aug 1919 - 7 Feb 1920). 17 Nov 1919     Poland occupied Kamenets-Podol'skiy, the    government of the Ukrainian People's Republic    allowed to remain there, but without independent territory. 12 Dec 1919                Soviet Russia occupies Khar'kov (Kharkiv); Kiev (Kyyiv) 16 Dec 1919, Odessa (Odesa) 7 Feb 1920.  7 May 1920 - 13 Jul 1920  Poland and (non-communist) Ukrainian forces        occupy Kiev (Polish troops also occupied    Zhitomir 26 Apr 1920 – 7 Jul 1920). 12 Jul 1920 – 19 Sep 1920  Soviet troops occupied Kamenets-Podol'skiy (again from 16 Nov 1920). 22 Nov 1920                Ukrainian People's Republic, which is intermittently absent from the national territory from 16 Jul 1920, holds its last        last session on Ukrainian soil. 30 Dec 1922                Founding component of the Soviet Union.  5 Dec 1936                Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 17-22 Sep 1939             Western regions occupied and, from 1 Nov 1939, annexed by Soviet Union (part of Ukrainian S.S.R.)(previously part of Poland 1920-1939). 22 Jun 1941                German invasion begins (Rivne occupied on 28 Jun 1941, L'viv 30 Jun 1941, Kiev on 19 Sep 1941 Kharkiv 24 Oct 1941, Voroshilovgrad [Luhans'k]        on 17 Jul 1942).  5 Jul 1941 - 12 Jul 1941  Ukrainian State declared restored at L'viv; terminated by German occupation forces.  1 Aug 1941                Eastern Galicia made the district of Galicia        in the General Government.  3 Aug 1941 - 10 Apr 1944  Ukraine between the Dniester and Bug Rivers,        including Odessa, occupied but not annexed to        Romania (see Transnitria).  1 Sep 1941 - 25 Feb 1944  German occupied Ukraine organized as the    Reichskommissariat Ukraine. Eastern Ukraine    and Crimea remain under German military rule. Jan 1943 - 28 Oct 1944     Soviet re-occupation of Ukraine (Voroshilovgrad       [Luhans'k] 14 Feb 1943, Kharkiv liberated 23        Aug 1943, Stalino [Donets'k] on 8 Sep 1943,        Kiev 6 Nov 1943, Rivne 2 Feb 1944, Kherson 13        Mar 1944, Odessa 10 Apr 1944, L'viv 26 Jul 1944, and Uzhgorod 28 Oct 1944). 19 Feb 1954                Crimea transferred from Russian S.F.S.R. to Ukrainian S.S.R 26 Apr 1986                Chernobyl' (Chornobyl') nuclear plant disaster. 16 Jul 1990       Declaration of state sovereignty. 24 Aug 1991                Declaration of independence (Ukraine [Ukrayina]) (ratified by referendum on 1 Dec 1991). 26 Dec 1991                Independence effective (dissolution of the  Soviet Union). 21 Mar 2014                Russia annexes Crimea (not recognized by Ukraine). 12 May 2014                Donetsk and Lugansk proclaim independence        (not recognized by Ukraine). 23 Feb 2022 -              Russian invasion (taking Chornobyl' 24 Feb -          31 Mar, Zmiyinyy 24 Feb - 30 Jun, Konotop 25 Feb - 3 Apr, Berdyansk 27 Feb, Borodyanka 28          Feb - 1 Apr, Melitopol' 1 Mar, Kherson 2 Mar -          11 Nov, Enerhodar 4 Mar 2022, Mariupol 16 May Sievierodonetsk 25 Jun, Lysychansk 3 Jul 2022). 24 Feb 2022                Ukrainian government declares martial law.  5 Oct 2022      Russia annexes Donets'k, Luhans'k, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhya (not recognized by Ukraine).
Ukraine (since 1991)
Ukraine Admin. Divisions
Crimea
Rus' (c.862-1169)
Hetmanate (1648-1775)
Kiev and Podolia governorates (1782-1914,1919)
Non-Communist Ukraine (1917-1920)
Communist Ukraine and Ukrainian S.S.R. (1917-1991)
Ukraine in Exile (1920-1992)
Makhnovist Forces (1919-1921)
Odessa Region (1783-1920)
Kharkov and Donetsk Regions (1780-1918, 1919)
Central Powers Occupation (1918)
Reichskommissariat Ukraine (1941-1944)
Transnistria (1941-1944)
Galicia (1199-1439, 1772-1920)
Western Ukraine (1918-1919)
Komancha (1918-1919)
Galician Soviet Republic (1920)
Lemko-Rusyn (1918-1920)
Podolia (Podole) (1672-1699)
Bukovina (1774-1918, 1941-1944)
Subcarpathia (Transcarpathia) (1918-1946)
Hutsul (1918-1919)
Genoese Caffa and Gazaria (1266-1475)
Ukrainian Republic of the Far East (1918-1922)
Donetsk People's Republic (2014-)
Lugansk People's Republic (2014-)
Orthodox Church of Ukraine
Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
Map of Administrative Divisions
Historical Maps of Ukraine

 

Kievan Rus’ (Rus’ of Kiev)

c.862 Grand Principality of Rus' (later referred to as Kievan Rus'
[Kiyevskaya Rus'] by historians), ruled by the Ryurikovich
     (Rurikid) dynasty. The dynasty follows agnatic seniority, and
     is established first at Novgorod, then from 882 at Kiev.
988                        Grand Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich converts to (Orthodox)
Christianity.
1097                       Council of Lyubech amends the succession rule and divides Kievan
     Rus' into several regional autonomous principalities that had
     equal rights to obtain suzerain throne of grand prince in Kiev.
12 Mar 1169                Kiev sacked by the forces of Andrey Yuryevich "Bogolyubskiy" of
Vladimir-Suzdal' (see under Russia). Princes of Vladimir-Suzdal'
begun to claim "seniority" among other princes, but not the title
               and the seat of Grand Prince, which remained in Kiev (the Grand
Prince effectively reduced to a chairman of the council of
confederated princes), the seat in Kiev was subsequently
contested by four major principalities (Vladimir-Suzdal',
Smolensk, Chernigov, and Galich-Vladimir).
Dec 1237/Feb 1241          The Mongols invade most of the regional principalities of Rus'
   (Kiev itself being sacked and destroyed on 6 Dec 1240).
1243          The Mongols granted the title (non-hereditary until 1389) of Grand
     Prince ("senior of all Princes of Rus'") to the prince of
Vladimir, the seat of the Grand Prince is moved from Kiev to
             Vladimir (1246-1249 title not granted, 1249-1252 this arrangement
interrupted)(see under Russia).

Note: Names are listed in Russian (with notes) using a modified BGN/PCGN romanization system before the 15th century. The Old East Slavic was not yet then divided into the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages. Numbering of princes was not known during that period and they were named only by first name and patronymic.

Princes of Rus' (title Knyaz')
c.862 - 879                Rurik (Ryurik)     (b. 83. - d. 879)
879 - 882                  Oleg "Veshchiy" ("the Seer")       (b. 85. - d. 912)
Grand Princes of Rus'¹ (title Velikiy knyaz')
882 - 912                  Oleg "Veshchiy"                    (s.a.)
912 - Nov 945              Igor Ryurikovich I (b. c.878 - d. 945)
945 - Mar 972 Svyatoslav Igorevich I (b. 942 - d. 972)
945 - 960         Knyaginya Olga (Yelena)(f) -Regent (b. c.920 - d. 969)
972 - 11 Jun 978           Yaropolk Svyatoslavich I           (b. 955 - d. 978)
11 Jun 978 - 15 Jul 1015   Vladimir Svyatoslavich I           (b. c.960 - d. 1015)
15 Jul 1015 - 1016         Svyatopolk Vladimirovich I         (b. c.979 - d. 1019)
"Okayannyy" ("the Accursed")
1016 - 22 Jul 1018         Yaroslav Vladimirovich I "Mudryy"  (b. c.978 - d. 1054)
("the Wise")(1st time) 
14 Aug 1018 - 1019         Svyatopolk Vladimirovich I         (s.a.)
"Okayannyy" (2nd time)
1019 - 1024                Yaroslav Vladimirovich I (2nd time)(s.a.)
1024        Mstislav Vladimirovich I "Khrabryy"(b. c.983 - d. 1036)
("the Brave")
1024 - 20 Feb 1054         Yaroslav Vladimirovich I (3rd time)(s.a.)
20 Feb 1054 - 14 Sep 1068  Izyaslav Yaroslavich I (1st time)  (b. 1024 - d. 1078)
14 Sep 1068 - Apr 1069     Vseslav Bryachislavich "Charodey"  (b. c.1029 - d. 1101)
("the Sorcerer")
 2 May 1069 - Mar 1073     Izyaslav Yaroslavich I (2nd time)  (s.a.)
22 Mar 1073 - 27 Dec 1076  Svyatoslav Yaroslavich II          (b. 1027 - d. 1076)
31 Dec 1076 - Jul 1077     Vsevolod Yaroslavich I (1st time)  (b. 1030 - d. 1093)
15 Jul 1077 -  3 Oct 1078  Izyaslav Yaroslavich I (3rd time)  (s.a.)
Oct 1078 -  3 Apr 1093     Vsevolod Yaroslavich I (2nd time)  (s.a.)
24 Apr 1093 - 16 Apr 1113  Svyatopolk Izyaslavich II          (b. 1050 - d. 1113)
 4 May 1113 - 19 May 1125  Vladimir Vsevolodovich II          (b. 1053 - d. 1125)
"Monomakh" (prince of Pereyaslav-Russkiy 1094-1113)
19 May 1125 - 14 Apr 1132  Mstislav Vladimirovich II "Velikiy"(b. 1076 - d. 1132)
(the Great)(prince of Belgorod-Kiyevskiy 1117-1125)
14 Apr 1132 - 18 Feb 1139  Yaropolk Vladimirovich II          (b. 1082 - d. 1139)
(prince of Pereyaslav-Russkiy 1114-1132)
18 Feb 1139 -  4 Mar 1139  Vyacheslav Vladimirovich (1st time)(b. c.1083 - d. 1154)
(also prince of Turov 1127-1146)
 5 Mar 1139 -  1 Aug 1146  Vsevolod Olegovich II (b. c.1094 - d. 1146)
(prince of Chernigov 1127-1139)
 1 Aug 1146 - 13 Aug 1146  Igor Olegovich II                  (d. 1147)
(prince of Novgorod-Severskiy 1146)
13 Aug 1146 - Aug 1149     Izyaslav Mstislavich II (1st time) (b. c.1097 - d. 1154)
(also prince of Vladimir-Volynskiy 1135-1151)
28 Aug 1149 - Aug 1150     Yuriy (Georgiy) Vladimirovich      (b. 1090 - d. 1157)
"Dolgorukiy" ("the Long Arm")
(also prince of Rostov-Suzdal' 1113-1157)
(1st time)
Aug 1150      Vyacheslav Vladimirovich (2nd time)(s.a.)
Aug 1150 - Mar 1151        Yuriy (Georgiy) Vladimirovich      (s.a.)
"Dolgorukiy" (2nd time)
Apr 1151 - Dec 1154        Vyacheslav Vladimirovich (3rd time)(s.a.)
Dec 1154 - Jan 1155        Rostislav Mstislavich I (1st time) (b. c.1108 - d. 1167)
(also prince of Smolensk 1127-1167)
Jan 1155 - Mar 1155        Izyaslav Davidovich III (1st time) (d. 1161)
(also prince of Chernigov 1151-1157)
20 Mar 1155 - 15 May 1157  Yuri (Georgiy) Vladimirovich       (s.a.)
"Dolgorukiy" (3rd time)
19 May 1157 - Dec 1158     Izyaslav Davidovich III (2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1158 - 12 Apr 1159  Mstislav Izyaslavich III (1st time)(b. 1125? - d. 1170)
(also prince of Vladimir-Volynskiy 1157-1167)
12 Apr 1159 - 12 Feb 1161  Rostislav Mstislavich I (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Feb 1161 -  6 Mar 1161  Izyaslav Davidovich III (3rd time) (s.a.)
 6 Mar 1161 - 14 Mar 1167  Rostislav Mstislavich I (3rd time) (s.a.)
19 May 1167 - 12 Mar 1169  Mstislav Izyaslavich III (2nd time)(s.a.)
Grand Princes of Kiev¹ (title Velikiy knyaz')[rulers in throne for few months only
and brief interruptions of recorded rulers are omitted for brevity]
12 Mar 1169 - 20 Jan 1171  Gleb Yuryevich            (d. 1171)
   (appointed by prince of Vladimir-Suzdal')
 1 Jul 1171 - Feb 1173     Roman Rostislavich (1st time)      (b. c.1132 - d. 1180)
  (also prince of Smolensk 1167-1180)
Nov 1173 - Jan 1174        Yaroslav Izyaslavich II            (b. c.1133 - d. c.1176)
    (appointed by prince of Smolensk)
1174 - Jul 1176            Roman Rostislavich (2nd time)      (s.a.)
20 Jul 1176 - Aug 1180     Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich III       (b. c.1123 - d. 1194)
  (also prince of Chernigov 1164-1180)
(1st time)
Aug 1180 - 1181            Ryurik Rostislavich (1st time)     (b. c.1137 - d. 1212)
   (appointed by prince of Chernigov)
1181 - 27 Jul 1194         Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich III       (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1194 - 1201                Ryurik Rostislavich (2nd time)     (s.a.)
  (appointed by prince of Vladimir-Suzdal')
1201 -  2 Jan 1203         Ingvar' Yaroslavich    (b. c.1152 - d. 1220)
  (appointed by prince of Galich-Vladimir)
 2 Jan 1203 - 1204         Ryurik Rostislavich (3rd time)     (s.a.)
   (appointed by prince of Vladimir-Suzdal')
1204 - Jun 1205            Rostislav Ryurikovich II           (b. 1172 - d. af.1218)
   (appointed by prince of Galich-Vladimir)
Jun 1205 - 1210            Ryurik Rostislavich (4th time)     (s.a.)
(appointed by prince of Vladimir-Suzdal')
1210 - 1212                Vsevolod Svyatoslavich III         (d. 1215)
  "Chermnyy" (the Red)
(also prince of Chernigov 1202-1215)
1212 -  2 Jun 1223         Mstislav Romanovich IV "Staryy"    (b. c.1156 - d. 1223)
(the Old)(prince of Smolensk 1197-1212)
   (styled himself Grand Prince of all Rus')
16 Jun 1223 - 1236         Vladimir Ryurikovich III           (b. 1187 – d. 1239)
  (appointed by prince of Smolensk)
1236 - 1238                Yaroslav Vsevolodovich III         (b. 1191 - d. 1246)
  (also prince of Vladimir 1238-1246)
(1st time)
1238 - 1240                Mikhail Vsevolodovich (1st time)   (b. 1179 - d. 1246)
   (also prince of Chernigov 1223-1246)
1240 - 1241                Daniil Romanovich                  (b. 1201 - d. 1264)
(also prince of Galich 1229-1254, King of Rus' 1254-1264)
1241 - 1243                Mikhail Vsevolodovich (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1243 - 30 Sep 1246         Yaroslav Vsevolodovich III         (s.a.)
  (remained in Vladimir)
(2nd time)
bf.1245 - af.1246          Dmitriy Yeykovich -Stadholder
1249 - 1252                Aleksandr Yaroslavich "Nevskiy"    (b. 1221 - d. 1263)
   (remained in Novgorod Velikiy during this period)
  (also prince of Novgorod 1236-1259,
grand prince of Vladimir 1252-1263)¹The title of the Grand Prince was definitely recorded in 911 for the first time. As there was originally just one seat of the Grand Prince (Velikiy knyaz') in Rus', first in Kiev, the title did not need any formal territorial reference. In the foreign relations of Kievan Rus' the title of Grand Prince of the Russians (Velikiy knyaz' Russkiy) was often used. After 1076 the occasional official (e.g. on seals) form of the title was Grand Prince of all Rus' (Velikiy knyaz' vseya Rusi), but in the period between 1169 and 1252 it was used by just two rulers.

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Hetmanate

Map of Hetmanate	Capital (after 1663, of Left-Bank Hetmanate): Chyhyryn (Chigirin) 1648-1663; Hadyach (Gadyach) 1663-1668; Baturyn (Baturin) 1668-1708, 1750-1764; Hlukhiv (Glukhov) 1708-1750, 1764-1773; Kozelets' (Kozelets) 1773-1775; Kiev 1775-1782	Population: 1,027,928 (1762, not including Zaporozhia Sich) ----------------------------- Military: 30,000 (1764)	Constitution Articles of March (6 Apr 1654, amended several times until 1687); Articles of Resolution (8 Sep 1728)

c.1489        Southern border areas of the province (voivodship) of Kiev
conquered by Lithuania, organized as a military district called
the 'Zaporozhian Sich ("Transrapid Fortification" (Zaporoz'ka
Sich) comprised of  Cossacks. 1572          Cossacks are divided into two entities- the Zaporozhian Host
(Urban)(Viys'ko Zaporoz'ke Horodove) of Registered Cossacks, led by a Polish appointed Senior (Starshyy), and the largely independent Zaporozhian Host (Lower) (Viys'ko Zaporoz'ke Nyzove), led by a self-elected Kish Ataman (Koshovyy Otaman), based at
  Sich, the title Hetman is used occasionally by leaders of both Hosts.  2 May 1648                Rebellion against Poland-Lithuania begun (Kiev occupied by Cossacks from Jan 1649).  17 Aug 1649                In the Treaty of Zboriv, recognized by Poland as an autonomous  Hetmanate, retrospectively referred by historians as the
"Ukrainian Cossack Republic" (covering Kiev, Bratslav [Bracław] and Chernihiv [Czernihów] voivodships), the Zaporozhian Host
(Lower) at Sich included in the Hetmanate.
28 Sep 1651                Bratslav and Chernihiv voivodships restored to Polish
administration.  6 Apr 1654                Under Russian sovereignty by the Treaty of Pereyaslav (signed
8/18 Jan 1654).  6 Sep 1658 - Oct 1659     Under Polish sovereignty by the Treaty of Hadiach (Hadyach/ Gadyach), styled the Grand Principality of Ruthenia (the Kings of Poland being the Grand Princes), this move was not recognized by the Zaporozhian Host (Lower) (see below), which effectively
separated from Hetmanate.
17 Jun 1663                Hetmanate of Zaporozhian Host is split between the pro-Russian Hetmanate on the Left-Bank (east of the Dnieper River) and the pro-Polish Hetmanate on the Right-Bank (west of the Dnieper
River). 31 Jan 1667                In the Treaty of Andrusovo provisionally partitioned between  Poland and Russia. Russia obtained Left-Bank (including Kiev and  Zaporozhia Sich), in Russian official usage always the Little Russia, Poland retained Right-Bank (partition confirmed by the 'Eternal' Peace of 6 May 1686). Mar 1669 - 1698 Right-Bank split into rival pro-Ottoman and pro-Polish camps.
Oct 1670                   Autonomy of Right-Bank Hetmanate ended by Poland. Jun 1699               Right-Bank Hetmanate/Host abolished by Poland.
Jun 1704 – Jul 1708        Former Right Bank areas (part of Poland) occupied by Left-Bank Hetmanate.
1708 - 1709 Brief attempt to assert separation from Russia supporting Sweden.
Nov 1708                   Kiev Governorate established by Russia (the governors were charged mostly with military affairs). Jul 1722 - Sep 1727        Direct Russian administration, in 1722 ceased to be treated by Russia through the Collegium of Foreign Affairs.
Jan 1734 - Jun 1750        Direct Russian administration. 17 Nov 1764                Incorporated into Russia, abolition of Hetman title. Creation            of the Little Russia Governorate (Malorosiys'ka [Malorossiyskaya]                              guberniya) from former Kiev Governorate. Nov 1781                   Liquidation of the remaining structure of the Hetmanate - Little Russia Cossack regiments abolished, the Governorate-general of Kiev, Chernigov and Novgorod-Severskiy created (effective Jan
1782)(see below).

Note: Names are listed in Ukrainian with Russian in parentheses (Russian administrators only in Russian, names under Zaporozhia Sich only in Ukrainian). Ukrainian and Russian BGN/PCGN romanization system.

Hetmans of the Zaporozhian Host (title Het'man Viys'ka Zaporoz'koho)
30 Jan 1648 -  6 Aug 1657  Bohdan Mykhaylovych Khmel'nyts'kyy (b. 1595 - d. 1657)
(Bogdan Mikhaylovich Khmel'nitskiy)
 6 Aug 1657 - 21 Oct 1657  Yuriy Bohdanovych Khmel'nyts'kyy   (b. c.1641 - d. 1685)
 (Yuriy Bogdanovich Khmel'nitskiy)
(1st time)
21 Oct 1657 - Oct 1659     Ivan Ostapovych Vyhovs'kyy         (b. c.1608 - d. 1664)
(Ivan Ostapovich Vigovskiy)
Nov 1658 - Oct 1659        Ivan Fedorovych Bezpalyy (acting)  (b. c.1619 - d. 1718)
(Ivan Fyodorovich Bezpaliy [Bezpaloy])
(in opposition to Vyhovs'kyy, in Romny, pro-Russian)
Oct 1659 - Oct 1662        Yuriy Bohdanovych Khmel'nyts'kyy   (s.a.)
(2nd time)(in Oct 1660 surrendered to Polish)
Oct 1660 - 18 Jun 1663     Akym Semenovych Somko (acting)     (b. c.1619 - d. 1663)
(Yakim Semyonovich Somko)
Hetmans of the Zaporozhian Host of the Right-Bank (pro-Polish/pro-Ottoman)
Jul 1663 - Jul 1665        Pavlo Ivanovych Morzhkovs'kyy-     (b. c.1620 - d. 1670)
Teterya (Pavel Ivanovich Morzhkovskiy-Teterya)
  (in Chyhyryn)
Jul 1665 - Oct 1665        Mykhaylo Stepanovych Khanenko      (b. c.1620 - d. c.1680)
(Mikhail Stepanovich Khanenko)
(acting)
Jul 1665 - Oct 1665        Stepan Opara (Stepan Opara)        (d. 1665)
(in rebellion in Uman', Polish prisoner from 18 Aug 1665)
10 Oct 1665 - 19 Sep 1676  Petro Dorofiyovych Doroshenko      (b. 1627 - d. 1689)
(Pyotr Dorofeyevich Doroshenko)
(in rebellion from Mar 1669, pro-Ottoman)
(in Chyhyryn)
1668 - 1669                Petro Sukhoviy (Pyotr Sukhovey)    (b. c.1645 - d. af.1674)
(pretender)
Mar 1669 - 27 Mar 1674     Mykhaylo Stepanovych Khanenko      (s.a.)
(Mikhaylo Stepanovich Khanenko)
(in Uman')
1675 -  9 Jan 1679         Ostap Hohol' (Ostap Gogol')(acting)(d. 1679)
(in Dymer)
1677 - 1681                Yuriy Bohdanovych Khmel'nyts'kyy   (s.a.)
 (Yuriy Bogdanovich Khmel'nitskiy)
(in rebellion, in Nemyriv [Nemirov]; pro-Ottoman)
1681 - 1684                Heorhiy Duka (Georgiy Duka)        (b. c.1620 - d. 1685)
(= Gheorghe Duca)(nominal)
(also Voivode and Lord of Moldavia)
(in rebellion, appointed by Ottomans)
24 Aug 1683 - Jan 1684     Stefan Kunyts'kyy  (in Nemyriv)    (b. c.1640 - d. 1684)
(Stefan Kunitskiy)
Jan 1684 - Jan 1689        Andriy Andriyovych Mohyla          (b. c.1630 - d. 1689)
(Andrey Andreyevich Mogila)
(in Nemyriv)
1684 - 1685                Teodor Sulymenko                   (d. 1685)
(in rebellion, in Yahorlyk; pro-Ottoman)
1685 - 1695                Stepan Ivanovych Lozyns'kyy        (b. 1653 - d. 1695)
   (in rebellion, in Yahorlyk; pro-Ottoman)
1689 - 1692 Hryhoriy Ivanovych "Hryshko"       (b. 1649 - d. 1692)
Drahynych (Khrumko) (acting)
(Grigoriy Ivanovich Draginich)
(in Nemyriv)
Feb 1693 - Jun 1699        Samiylo Ivanovych Samus' (acting)  (b. c.1640 - d. c.1713)
(Samoylo Ivanovich Samus')
(in Vinnytsya)
1695 - Feb 1696            Petro Ivanenko (acting)            (d. 1696)
  (in rebellion, in Yahorlyk; pro-Ottoman)
1696 - 1698                Ivan Bahatyy         (d. 1698)
  (in rebellion, in Yahorlyk; pro-Ottoman)
1702 - Jun 1704            Samiylo Ivanovych Samus’           (s.a.)
  (in rebellion, in Bila Tserkva)
Hetmans of the Zaporozhian Host of the Left-Bank (pro-Russian)
18 Jun 1663 - 17 Jun 1668  Ivan Martynovych Bryukhovets'kyy   (b. 1623 - d. 1668)
(Ivan Martinovich Bryukhovetskiy)
Sep 1668 - Dec 1668        Stepan Vdovychenko (acting)        (d. 1672)
Dec 1668 - 27 Jun 1672     Dem'yan Ihnatovych Mnohohrishnyy   (b. 1627 - d. 1698)
(Dem'yan Ignatovich Mnogogreshnyy)
(Russian prisoner from Mar 1672)
28 Jun 1672 - 23 Jul 1687  Ivan Samoylovych Samoylovych       (b. c.1630 - d. 1690)
(Ivan Samoylovich Samoylovich)
Jul 1687 - Aug 1687        Vasyl' Kasperovych Dunin-          (b. 1640 - d. 1702)
Borkovs'kyy (acting)
Hetmans of the Zaporozhian Host (from Jun 1704, style with addition "of the Both Banks")
 4 Aug 1687 -  6 Nov 1708  Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa            (b. 1639 - d. 1709)
             (Ivan Stepanovich Mazepa)
(continued in opposition to 22 Sep 1709)
 6 Nov 1708 -  3 Jul 1722  Ivan Illich Skoropads'kyy          (b. 1646 - d. 1722)
(Ivan Ilyich Skoropadskiy)
 5 Apr 1710 - 24 May 1742  Pylyp Stepanovych Orlyk            (b. 1672 - d. 1742)
(Filipp Stepanovich Orlik)
(in exile in Bender 1710-11, in Iasi 1711-14,
in Stockholm 1714-20, in Vienna and Prague 1720-22,
in Thessaloniki 1722-34, in Iasi from 1734)
 4 Jul 1722 - 18 Dec 1724  Pavlo Leontiyovych Polubotok       (b. c.1660 - d. 1724)
(Pavel Leontyevich Polubotok)
(acting)(from May 1723 Russian prisoner)
President of the Little Russian Collegium
31 Jul 1722 - 12 Oct 1727  Stepan Lukich Velyaminov           (b. 1660 - d. 1737)
Hetmans of the Zaporozhian Host (style with addition "of the Both Banks")
12 Oct 1727 - 28 Jan 1734  Danylo Pavlovych Apostol           (b. 1654 - d. 1734)
(Daniil Pavlovich Apostol)
1733 - Jan 1734            Yakiv Yukimovych Lizohub           (b. 1675 - d. 1749)
  (acting for Apostol)
President of the (Temporary to Aug 1734) Board of the Hetman's Government
(with style Pravitel', from 1741 styled Commander-in-chief of Little Russia)
28 Jan 1734 - 1736         Knyaz' Aleksey Ivanovich           (b. 1690 - d. 1737) 
Shakhovskoy
17 Jun 1736 - Feb 1738     Knyaz' Ivan Fyodorovich            (b. 1689 - d. 1738)
Boryatinskiy (Baryatinskiy)
Mar 1738 - May 1738        Ivan Afanasyevich Shipov           (b. 1682 - d. 1749)
(1st time)
May 1738 - Mar 1740        Aleksandr Ivanovich Rumyantsov     (b. 1677 - d. 1749) 
(Rumyantsev)
Mar 1740 - 17 Sep 1740     Ivan Afanasyevich Shipov           (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1740 - 1741                Yakov Vilimovich Keyt              (b. 1696 - d. 1758)
(= James Francis Edward Keith) 
Sep 1741 - Dec 1741        Ivan Ivanovich Neplyuyev           (b. 1693 - d. 1773)
Dec 1741 - Jun 1742        Aleksandr Borisovich Buturlin      (b. 1694 - d. 1767)
1742 - 20 May 1745         Ivan Ivanovich Bibikov             (b. c.1686 - d. 1745)
20 May 1745 -  5 Jun 1750  Mikhail Ivanovich Leontyev         (b. 1682 - d. 1752)
Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host (full style: Hetman of Zaporozhian Host of All
Little Russia, Both Banks)
 5 Jun 1750 - 17 Nov 1764  Hraf Kyrylo Hryhorovych            (b. 1728 - d. 1803)
Rozumovs'kyy
(Graf Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovskiy)
President of the Little Russian Collegium
(and from Nov 1775, Governor-General of Little Russia)
30 Jun 1765 - Jan 1782     Graf Pyotr Aleksandrovich          (b. 1725 - d. 1796)
Rumyantsev-Zadunayskiy
(appointed Nov 1764)

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Zaporozhia Sich (Zaporozhian Host [Lower])  6 Sep 1658 - Oct 1659     Hetmanate under Polish sovereignty by the Treaty of Hadiach
    (Hadyach/Gadyach), this move was not recognized by the Zaporozhian
Host (Lower) at Sich (previous events see under Hetmanate),
     which is effectively separated from Hetmanate.
31 Jan 1667                In the Treaty of Andrusovo between Poland and Russia included
   (largely nominally) in the Left-Bank Hetmanate obtained by
Russia.
1709          Brief attempt to assert separation from Russia supporting Sweden.
1709 - 1734                Cossacks abandoned Sich and establish a base near mouth of the
Dnieper River under the protection of the Khans of Crimea and
             Ottoman Empire.
1734                       Under the Agreement of Lubny, the Cossacks regain all of their
former lands, privileges, laws, and customs in exchange for
serving under Russia, subject to the governor of Kiev.
17 Nov 1764                Sich included in the Novorossiya Governorate.
 3 Aug 1775                Host abolished by Russia.
1788          Black Sea Cossack Host formed from former Sich Cossacks
(see Transnistria under Moldova).

Kish Atamans of the Zaporozhian Host (title: Koshovyy Otaman Viys'ka Zaporoz'kohо)
(elected for one year terms; probably incomplete list, persons known to have served listed)
1699 - 1700                Petro Pryma (Prim)                 (d. af.1701)
1701          Herasym Krysa (1st time)           (d. af.1712)
1701 - 1702                Petro Sorochyns'kyy (Sorochinsky)  (d. af.1710)
             (1st time)        
1702                       Kost' Hordienko (1st time)         (d. 1733)
1703                       Herasym Krysa (2nd time)           (s.a.)
1703 - 1706                Kost' Hordienko (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1706 - 1707                Luk'yan Tymofienko                 (d. af.1707)
1707                       Petro Sorochyns'kyy (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1707 - 1708                Tymofiy Fenenko
1708 - 1709    Kost' Hordienko (3rd time)         (s.a.)
1709 - 1710                Petro Sorochyn'kyy (3rd time)      (s.a.)
1710                       Yakym Bohush                       (d. af.1711)
1710                       Yosyp Kyrylenko (Kirilenko)        (d. af.1710)
1711 - 1714                Kost' Hordienko (4th time)         (s.a.)
1714 - 1716                Ivan Oleksiyovych Malashevych      (b. 1661 - d. 1737)
(1st time)
1719 - 1720                Ivan Oleksiyovych Malashevych      (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1720 - 1728                Kost' Hordienko (5th time)         (s.a.)
1731 - 1733                Ivan Oleksiyovych Malashevych      (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1733 - 1734    Ivan Bilytsk'kyy (Bilitskiy)       (d. 1788)
(1st time)
1734 - 1735                Ivan Oleksiyovych Malashevych      (s.a.)
(4th time)
1735                       Ivan Bilytsk'kyy (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1736 - 20 Jun 1737        Ivan Oleksiyovych Malashevych       (s.a.)
(5th time)
1738                       Ivan Bilytsk'kyy (3rd time)        (s.a.)
1739                       Kost' Pokotylo     (d. af.1739)
1739 - 1740                Yakiv Turkalo         (d. 1740)
1740                       Ivan Khomych Cherevko              (d. af.1775)
1740                       Stepan Ostapovych Umans'kyy        (d. af.1741)
1741                       Stepan Hladkyy     (d. 1747)
1742                       Semen Eremievych Tymoshyy          (d. af.1756)
(1st time)
1744                       Yakym Ihnatovych Malyy (1st time)  (d. af.1760)
1745 - 1747    Vasy'l Hryhorovych Sych (1st time) (d. c.1752)
1747                       Pavlo Ivanovych Kozelets'kyy       (d. 1768)
(1st time)
1748                       Danylo Stefanovych Hladkyy         (d. c.1758)
(1st time)
1748 - 1749                Yakym Ihnatovych Malyy (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1749 - 1750                Oleksiy Kozelets'kyy               (d. af.1750)
1750                       Ivan Kazhan          (d. af.1756)
1751                       Vasy'l Hryhorovych Sych (2nd time) (s.a.)
1752        Yakiv Ihnatovych        (b. 1712 - d. 1763)
1752 - 1753                Pavlo Ivanovych Kozelets'kyy       (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1753                       Hryhoriy Fedorovych Lantukh        (d. af.1765)
(1st time)
1753                       Semen Eremievych Tymoshyy          (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1753                       Danylo Stefanovych Hladkyy         (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1754                       Yakym Ihnatovych Malyy (3rd time)  (s.a.)
1755                       Hryhoriy Fedorovych Lantukh        (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1755 - 1757                Danylo Stefanovych Hladkyy         (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1757 - 1758                Hryhoriy Fedorovych Lantukh        (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1759 - 1760                Oleksiy Hryhorovych Bilyts'kyy     (d. af.1760)
1761                       Hryhoriy Fedorovych Lantukh        (s.a.)
(4th time)
1762                       Stepan Rud'                        (d. af.1762)
1762                       Petro Ivanovych Kalnyshevs'kyy     (b. 1691 - d. 1803)
(Kalnishevskiy)(1st time)
1763                       Hryhoriy Fedorovych Lantukh        (s.a.)
(5th time)
1764 - 1765                Pylyp Fedorovych Pylypenko         (b. 1694 - d. 1795)
1765                       Ivan Bilytsk'kyy (4th time)        (s.a.)
1765 - 1775                Petro Ivanovych Kalnyshevs'kyy     (s.a.)
(2nd time)

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Kiev and Podolia Russian Governorates-general

1782 - 1796                Governorate-general of Kiev, Chernigov and Novgorod-Severskiy.
30 Nov 1796                Kiev Military Governorate covering governorates of Kiev,
Malorossiya (to 1801) and Minsk (1801-1808).
1796 - 1832       Kamenets-Podol'skiy Military Governorate (from 1830, temporary
governorate-general of Volhynia and Podolia), covering
governorates of Podolia, Volhynia and (to 1801) Minsk.
 3 Feb 1832 Kiev Military Governorate and Governorate-general of Podolia and
Volhynia, both administrations merged.
31 Jan 1865                Governorate-general of Kiev, Podolia and Volhynia (Kiyevskoye,
             Podol'skoye i Volynskoye general-gubernatorstvo)(known as South-
Western Kray [Yugo-zapadny kray]).
1915                       Governorate-general abolished.
25 Aug 1919 - 29 Dec 1919  Kiev oblast (Kievskaya oblast'), covering parts of governorates of
             Kiev, Chernigov and Podolia (Kiev under the "White" rule 2 Sep
1919 – 16 Dec 1919, and Chernigov 12 Oct 1919 – 7 Nov 1919),
             created during occupation of Kiev by the Armed Forces in the
South of Russia.

Governor-general of Kiev, Chernigov and Novgorod-Severskiy (with title Namestnik)
1782 - 1796                Graf Pyotr Aleksandrovich          (s.a.)
Rumyantsev-Zadunayskiy
Military Governors of Kiev and Chief administrators of Civil affairs for Kiev, Malorossiya
(to 1801) and (1801-1808) Minsk Governorates (with rights of governor-general)
29 Nov 1796 - 11 Dec 1796  Graf Ivan Petrovich Saltykov       (b. 1730 - d. 1805)
11 Dec 1796 - 23 Mar 1798  Andrey Grigoryevich Rozenberg      (b. 1739 - d. 1813)
(Diederich Arend von Rosenberg)
24 Jun 1798 - 1799         Aleksandr Alekseyevich Bekleshov   (b. c.1743 - d. 1808)
1800 - 1803   Andrey Semyonovich Fensh           (b. 1757 - d. 1828)  
(Andrew Fenshaw)
1803 - 1806                Aleksandr Petrovich Tormasov       (b. 1752 - d. 1819)
10 Oct 1806 - 15 Jul 1809  Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev (b. 1745 - d. 1813)
-Kutuzov
1810 - Aug 1818            Mikhail Andreyevich Miloradovich   (b. 1771 - d. 1825)
Aug 1818 -  9 Feb 1827     Vacant
 9 Feb 1827 - 1829         Pyotr Fyodorovich Zheltukhin       (b. 1777 - d. 1829)
1829 -  3 Feb 1832         Boris Yakovlevich Knyazhnin        (b. 1777 - d. 1854)
Military Governors of Kamenets-Podol'skiy and Chief administrators of Civil affairs
for Podolia, Volhynia and (to 1801) Minsk Governorates
(in Kamenets-Podol'skiy; with rights of governor-general)
1796 - 1798                Aleksandr Alekseyevich Bekleshov   (s.a.)
1798 - 1799                Ivan Vasilyevich Gudovich          (s.a.)
1800 - 1803                Andrey Grigoryevich Rozenberg      (s.a.)
1803 - 1811                Ivan Nikolayevich Essen            (b. 1759 - d. 1813)
       (Magnus Gustav von Essen)
1811 - 1812                Nikolay Alekseyevich Tuchkov       (b. 1765 - d. 1812)
1812 - 1814                Vacant
1814 - 1825                Aleksey Nikolayevich Bakhmetyev    (b. 1774 - d. 1841)
1825 - 1830            Vacant
Temporary Governors-general of Volhynia and Podolia (in Zhitomir)
1830 - 1831                Yakov Alekseyevich Potyomkin       (b. 1782 - d. 1831)
1831 - 1832                Vasiliy Vasilyevich Levashov       (b. 1783 - d. 1848)
Military Governors of Kiev and Chief administrators of Civil affairs for
Kiev governorate, Governors-general of Podolia and Volhynia
 3 Feb 1832 - 21 Jun 1835  Vasiliy Vasilyevich Levashov       (s.a.)
(from 1 Jun 1833, Graf Vasiliy Vasilyevich Levashov)
21 Jun 1835 - 27 Nov 1837  Graf Aleksandr Dmitriyevich Guryev (b. 1786 - d. 1865)
10 Jan 1838 - 11 Sep 1852  Dmitriy Gavrilovich Bibikov        (b. 1791 - d. 1870)
11 Sep 1852 - 24 Nov 1862  Knyaz' Illarion Illarionovich      (b. 1805 - d. 1862)
Vasilchikov
31 Jan 1863 - 31 Jan 1865  Nikolay Nikolayevich Annenkov      (b. 1799 - d. 1865)
Governors-general of Kiev, Podolia, and Volhynia
31 Jan 1865 - 28 Jan 1869  Aleksandr Pavlovich Bezak          (b. 1800 - d. 1869)
(Alexander Besack)
28 Jan 1869 - 28 Apr 1878  Knyaz' Aleksandr Mikhaylovich      (b. 1820 - d. 1893)
Dondukov-Korsakov
28 Apr 1878 - 25 Jan 1881  Mikhail Ivanovich Chertkov         (b. 1829 - d. 1905)
25 Jan 1881 - 27 Jul 1888  Aleksandr Romanovich Drentel'n     (b. 1820 - d. 1888)
(Alexander von Drenteln)
24 Aug 1889 - 19 Dec 1897  Graf Aleksey Pavlovich Ignatyev    (b. 1842 - d. 1906)
13 Jan 1898 -  6 Jan 1904  Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov       (b. 1830 - d. 1905)
 6 Jan 1904 -  1 Nov 1905  Nikolay Vasilyevich Kleygel's      (b. 1850 - d. 1916)
(Nikolai Clayhills)
 1 Nov 1905 - 31 Dec 1908  Vladimir Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinov(b. 1848 - d. 1926)
31 Dec 1908 - 30 Sep 1914  Fyodor Fyodorovich Trepov          (b. 1854 - d. 1938)
Chief administrator of Kiev Oblast (with rights of governor-general)
25 Aug 1919 – 29 Dec 1919  Abram Mikhaylovich Dragomirov      (b. 1868 - d. 1955)  Mil

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(non-Communist) Ukraine

Note: Names are listed in Ukrainian with Russian in parentheses. Ukrainian and Russian BGN/PCGN romanization system.

20 Nov 1917                Ukrainian People's Republic (Ukrayins'ka Narodnya Respublika),
             as part of federal Russian republic.
22 Jan 1918                Independence from Russia declared.
 9 Feb 1918 -  1 Mar 1918  Soviet Russian occupation of Kiev (Kyyiv), the non-Communist
government moves to Zhitomir (Zhytomyr), 12 Feb 1918 – 24 Feb
1918 to Sarny.
29 Apr 1918                First constitution ("Articles on State Organization, Rights and
Freedoms") adopted, not implemented.
29 Apr 1918                Ukrainian State (Ukrayins'ka Derzhava)(under German and Austro-
Hungarian occupation), on 30 Apr 1918 the second constitution
("Statutes on Temporary State Organization") adopted.
14 Dec 1918                Ukrainian People's Republic (restored) in Kiev, in rebellion
against the Ukrainian State from 16 Nov 1918 in Belaya Tserkov'
             (Bila Tserkva).
22 Jan 1919                Western Ukrainian People's Republic merged into the Ukrainian
People's Republic, not fully effected.
 5 Feb 1919                Soviet Russian forces occupy Kiev, the non-Communist government on
28 Jan 1919 moved to Vinnitsa (Vinnytsya), on 24 Apr 1919 to
Rovno (Rivne), on 25 May 1919 to Ternopol' (Ternopil'), on 6 Jun
1919 to Kamenets-Podol'skiy (Kam'yanets'-Podil's'kyy).
17 Nov 1919                Poland occupies Kamenets-Podol'skiy, the government of the
Ukrainian People's Republic is allowed to remain there, but
               without independent territory.
 7 May 1920 - 13 Jul 1920  Poland and (non-communist) Ukrainian forces occupy Kiev, the
Ukrainian government returned to Kiev for a while.
12 Jul 1920 - 19 Sep 1920  Soviet Russian troops occupied Kamenets-Podol'skiy (again from 16
Nov 1920), the Ukrainian government moved on 9 Jul 1920 to
Stanislavov (modern Ivano-Frankivs'k), on 16 Jul 1920 in exile to
Tarnow, Poland, 30 Sep 1920 - 14 Nov 1920 returned to Kamenets
Podol'skiy.
12 Nov 1920                Third constitution ("Statute on Temporary Supreme Governance and
Laws") adopted.
22 Nov 1920   Government, which is intermittently absent from the national
       territory from 16 Jul 1920, holds its last last session on
       Ukrainian soil.
30 Jun 1941 - 12 Jul 1941  Ukrainian State (Ukrayins'ka Derzhava) declared restored at L'viv
(terminated by German occupation forces).

Chairmen of the Ukrainian Central Rada (Council)
20 Mar 1917 - 27 Mar 1917  Fedir Ivanovych Kryzhanivs'kyy     (b. 1878 - d. 1938)  Non-party
(Fyodor Ivanovich Krizhanіvskiy)
(acting)
27 Mar 1917 - 29 Apr 1918  Mykhaylo Serhiyovych Hrushevs'kyy  (b. 1866 - d. 1934)  TUP
(Mikhaylo Sergeyevich Grushevskіy)
  (elected 20 Mar 1917, arrived 27 Mar 1917)
Hetman of All Ukraine
29 Apr 1918 - 14 Dec 1918  Pavlo Petrovych Skoropads'kyy      (b. 1873 - d. 1945)  Mil
(Pavel Petrovich Skoropadskiy)
Chairmen of the Directory
13 Nov 1918 -  5 Feb 1919  Volodymyr Kyrylovych Vynnychenko   (b. 1880 - d. 1951)  USDRP
           (Vladimir Kirillovich Vinnichenko)
(in opposition to the Hetman to 14 Dec 1918)
 5 Feb 1919 -  9 May 1919  Directors
(meetings chaired in random order)
- Symon Vasylyovych Petlyura       (b. 1879 - d. 1926)  USDRP
   (Simon Vasilyevich Petlyura)
   - Fedir Petrovych Shvets'          (b. 1882 - d. 1940)  UPSR
    (Fyodor Petrovich Shvets)
- Andriy Havrylovych Makarenko     (b. 1886 - d. 1963)  Non-party
   (Andrey Gavrilovich Makarenko)
- Opanas Mykhaylovych Andriyevs'kyy(b. 1878 - d. 1955)  UPSS
(Afanasiy Mikhaylovich Andriyevskiy)
             - Yevhen Omelyanovych Petrushevych (b. 1863 - d. 1940)  USDP
(Yevgeniy Yemelyanovich Petrushevich)
(from 12 Mar 1919; was never chair)
 9 May 1919 - 22 Nov 1920  Symon Vasylyovych Petlyura         (s.a.)               USRP
Chairman of the National Assembly
30 Jun 1941 - 12 Jul 1941  Yaroslav Semenovych Stets'ko       (b. 1912 - d. 1986)  OUNR
           (Yaroslav Semyonovich Stets'ko)
(in dissidence, in L'viv; German
       prisoner from 9/10 Jul 1941)

Chairman of the General Secretariat
15 Jun 1917 -  9 Jan 1918  Volodymyr Kyrylovych Vynnychenko   (s.a.)               USDRP
   (Vladimir Kirillovich Vinnichenko)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (prime ministers)
 9 Jan 1918 - 30 Jan 1918  Volodymyr Kyrylovych Vynnychenko   (s.a.)               USDRP
30 Jan 1918 - 29 Apr 1918  Vsevolod Oleksandrovych Holubovych (b. 1885 - d. 1939)  UPSR
(Vsevolod Aleksandrovich Golubovich)
29 Apr 1918 - 30 Apr 1918  Mykola Mykolayovych Sakhno-        (b. 1863 - d. 1918)  UPSF
Ustymovych (Nikolay Nikolayevich
Sakhno-Ustimovich)
30 Apr 1918 -  3 May 1918  Mykola Prokopovych Vasylenko       (b. 1866 - d. 1935)  KDP
(Nikolay Prokopovich Vasilenko)
(acting)
 3 May 1918 - 14 Nov 1918  Fedir Andriyovych Lyzohub          (b. 1851 - d. 1928)  Okt
(Fyodor Andreyevich Lizogub)
14 Nov 1918 - 14 Dec 1918  Serhiy Mykolayovych Gerbel'        (b. 1856 - d. 1936)  Non-party
(Sergey Nikolayevich Gerbel')
Chairman of the Council of Commissioners
14 Dec 1918 - 24 Dec 1918  Volodymyr Musiyovych Chekhivs'kyy  (b. 1876 - d. 1937)  USDRP
(Vladimir Moiseyevich Chekhovskiy)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (prime ministers)
(from 13 Feb 1919, in opposition to Communist rule)
24 Dec 1918 - 13 Feb 1919  Volodymyr Musiyovych Chekhivs'kyy  (s.a.)               USDRP
13 Feb 1919 -  9 Apr 1919  Serhiy Stepanovych Ostapenko       (b. 1881 - d. 1937)  Non-party
(Sergey Stepanovich Ostapenko)
 9 Apr 1919 - 29 Aug 1919  Borys Mykolayovych Martos          (b. 1879 - d. 1977)  USDRP
  (Boris Nikolayevich Martos)
29 Aug 1919 - 28 May 1920  Isaak Prokhorovych Mazepa          (b. 1884 - d. 1952)  USDRP
 (Isaak Prokhorovich Mazepa)
28 May 1920 - 18 Oct 1920  Vyacheslav Kostyantynovych         (b. 1881 - d. 1942)  UPSF
Prokopovych
(Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Prokopovich)
18 Oct 1920 - 14 Nov 1920  Andriy Mykolayovych Livyts'kyy     (b. 1879 - d. 1954)  USDRP
(Andrey Nikolayevich Lіvitskiy)

Central Powers Occupation

German Military Commanders-in-chief (in Kiev Military District)
(of Heeresgruppe Linsingen to 31 Mar 1918; Heeresgruppe Eichhorn-Kiew 31 Mar - 2 Apr 1918;
Heeresgruppe Eichhorn 3 Apr - 13 Aug 1918, then Heeresgruppe Kiew)
 3 Mar 1918 - 31 Mar 1918  Alexander Adolf August Karl von    (b. 1850 - d. 1935)  Mil
Linsingen
31 Mar 1918 -  8 Aug 1918  Hermann Gottfried Emil von         (b. 1848 - d. 1918)  Mil
Eichhorn 
 8 Aug 1918 - 21 Jan 1919  Günther Emanuel Graf von Kirchbach (b. 1850 - d. 1925)  Mil
Austro-Hungarian Military Commanders (in Odessa Military District)
13 Mar 1918 - 16 May 1918  Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli   (b. 1856 - d. 1941)  Mil
(Oberkommandierender der Ukraine)
16 May 1918 - 16 Dec 1918  Alfred Krauss                      (b. 1862 - d. 1938)  Mil
(Kommandant der Ostarmee in der Ukraine)

Ukrainian People's Republic in Exile

22 Nov 1920 - 27 Jun 1949

27 Jun 1949 - 22 Aug 1992

Chairmen of the Directory
22 Nov 1920 - 25 May 1926  Symon Vasylyovych Petlyura         (s.a.)               USDRP
(Simon Vasilyevich Petlyura)
(in Poland to 1923, in 1923-1934
Austria, later Hungary and Switzerland;
from Oct 1924 in Paris, France exile)
25 May 1926 - 16 Jul 1948  Andriy Mykolayovych Livyts'kyy     (s.a.)               USDRP
(Andrey Nikolayevich Lіvitskiy)
(in Poland, from 1945 Germany exile)
Presidents
16 Jul 1948 - 17 Jan 1954  Andriy Mykolayovych Livyts'kyy     (s.a.)               USDRP
(in Münich, West Germany exile)
17 Jan 1954 - 19 Oct 1965  Stepan Porfyrovych Vytvyts'kyy     (b. 1884 - d. 1965)  UNDP+UNDO
(Stepan Porfiryovich Vitvitskiy)
(acting to 6 Mar 1954)
(in New York exile)
19 Oct 1965 -  8 Dec 1989  Mykola Andriyovych Livyts'kyy      (b. 1907 - d. 1989)  UNDS
(Nikolay Andreyevich Lіvitskiy)
(acting to 22 Mar 1967)
(in Philadelphia exile)
 8 Dec 1989 - 22 Aug 1992  Mykola Vasylyovych Plav'yuk        (b. 1925 - d. 2012)  OUN
             (Nikolay Vasilyevich Plavyuk)
(in Canada exile)

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (prime ministers)
(in Poland exile, then Prague, later Germany, then noted)
14 Nov 1920 - 24 Mar 1921  Andriy Mykolayovych Livyts'kyy (s.a.)               USDRP
(1st time)
24 May 1921 -  5 Aug 1921  Vyacheslav Kostyantynovych         (s.a.)               UPSF
Prokopovych (1st time) (acting)
(Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Prokopovich)
 5 Aug 1921 - 14 Jan 1922  Pylyp Kalenykovych Pylypchuk       (b. 1869 - d. 1940)  Non-party
(Pilip Kalenikovich Pilipchuk)
14 Jan 1922 - 25 May 1926  Andriy Mykolayovych Livyts'kyy (s.a.)               USDRP
(2nd time)
25 May 1926 - Oct 1939     Vyacheslav Kostyantynovych         (s.a.)               Non-party
Prokopovych (2nd time) 
Oct 1939 - May 1940        Oleksander Yakovych Shul'hyn       (b. 1889 - d. 1960)  Non-party
(Aleksander Yakovlevich Shul'gin)
(in Paris exile, German prisoner from ... 1940)
1940 - 1944                Vacant
1944 - 1945             Andriy Ivanovych Yakovliv          (b. 1872 - d. 1955)  Non-party
(Andrey Ivanovich Yakovlev)
(in Prague exile) (acting)
1945 - 1948                Kost' Kostyantynovych Pan'kivs'kyy (b. 1897 - d. 1973)  UNDS
(Konstantin Konstantinovich Pankovskiy)
     (in [West] Germany exile)
19 Jun 1948 - Jan 1952     Isaak Prokhorovych Mazepa          (s.a.)               USDRP;1950
 (Isaak Prokhorovich Mazepa)                           USP
   (in Austria, then West Germany exile)
Jan 1952 -  4 Jun 1953     Stepan Ivanovych Baran             (b. 1879 - d. 1953)  UNDP+UNDO
           (Stepan Ivanovich Baran) 
(in West Germany exile)
1953 - 1954                Stepan Porfyrovych Vytvyts'kyy     (s.a.)               UNDO
(in New York exile)
1954                       Spyrydon Mykytovych Dovhal'        (b. 1896 - d. 1975)  USP
(Spiridon Nikitovich Dovgal')
(in West Germany exile)(1st time)
1954 - 1957                Symon Vasylyovych Sozontiv         (b. 1898 - d. 1980)  Non-party
(Simon Vasilyevich Sozontov [Sozontyev])
(in Paris exile)
1957 - 1967                Mykola Andriyovych Livyts'kyy      (s.a.)               UNDS
(in New York exile)
22 Mar 1967 - 1969         Atanas Ivanovych Figol'            (b. 1908 - d. 1993)  Non-party
           (Atanas Ivanovich Figol') 
(in West Germany exile)
1969 - 1972                Spyrydon Mykytovych Dovhal'        (s.a.)               USP
     (in Münich, West Germany exile)
(2nd time)
1972 - 1974                Vasyl' Lukynovych Fedoronchuk      (b. 1915 - d. 1984?) OUN+UNDO
(Vasiliy Lukyanovich Fedoronchuk)
(in Rome, Italy exile)
1974 - 1980                Teofil' Leontiy (Teofil Leontiy)        Non-party
1980 - 1989                Yaroslav-Bohdan Antonovych         (b. 1910 - d. 1995)  Non-party
Rudnyts'kyy (Yaroslav-Bogdan
Antonovich Rudnitskiy)
(in Canada exile)
1989 - 22 Aug 1992         Ivan Matviyovych Samiylenko        (b. 1912 - d. 2006)  UNDS
(Ivan Matveyevich Samoylenko)
(in New York exile)

German Recognized Ukrainian National Committee in Exile

Chairman of the Ukrainian National Committee (and from
28 Mar 1945, Commander of the Ukrainian National Army) 
17 Mar 1945 -  8 May 1945  Pavlo Feofanovych Shandruk         (b. 1889 - d. 1979)  Mil
(Pavel Feofanovich Shandruk)
(in Graz, Austria exile)

Resistance to German and Soviet Occupation 1942 - 1954

Note: Ukrainian resistance groups against German occupation united as the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA) on 14 Oct 1942, which formed its political body in 1944. Resistance continued against Soviet re-occupation until 1954 when the UIA was finally suppressed by Soviet forces.

Chairmen of the General Secretariat of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation
Council and Commanders of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army
14 Oct 1942 - 15 Jul 1944  Dmytro Semenovych Klyachkivs'kyy   (b. 1911 - d. 1945)  OUNR
  (Dmitriy Semyonovich Klyachkivskiy)
15 Jul 1944 -  5 Mar 1950  Roman Osypovych Shukhevych         (b. 1907 - d. 1950)  OUNR
(Roman Osipovich Shukhevich)
1950 - 23 May 1954         Vasyl' Stepanovych Kuk             (b. 1913 - d. 2007)  OUNR
(Vasiliy Stepanovich Kuk)

Party abbreviations: KDP = Konstitutsionno-Demokraticheskaya Partiya/Konstytutsiyno-Demokratychna Partiya (Constitutional Democratic Party, "Kadets", Russian liberal, 12 Oct 1905-1920, banned by Bolsheviks from 12 Dec 1917); Okt = Soyuz 17 Oktyabrya/Spilka 17 Zhovtnya (Union of October 17, "Octobrists", conservative, Russian moderate constitutionalist, Nov 1905-1918); OUN = Orhanizatsiya Ukrayins'kykh Natsionalistiv (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, nationalist, right-wing, anti-communist, from 1940 sometimes called OUN-Melnyk, est.3 Feb 1929); OUNR = Organizatsiya Ukrayins'kykh Natsionalistiv Revolyutsiyna (Revolutionary Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, sometimes called OUN-Bandera, nationalist, Stepan Bandera personalist, anti-communist, right-wing, split from OUN, Feb 1940-1959); TUP = Tovarystvo Ukrayins'kykh Postupovtsiv (Society of Ukrainian Progressives, liberal nationalist, split from Ukrainian Democratic Radical Party, 1908-7 Apr 1917, merged into UPSF); UNDO = Ukrayins'ke Natsional'no-Demokratychne Ob'yednannya (Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance, nationalist, right-wing, 11 Jul 1925-1939, exile re-est.1947); UNDP = Ukrayins'ka Natsional'na Demokratychna Partiya (Ukrainian National Democratic Party, centrist, Galicia regionalist, 26 Dec 1896-28 Mar 1919, renamed Ukrainian People's Labor Party); UNDS = Ukrayins'kyy Natsional'no-Derzhavnyy Soyuz (Ukrainian National State Union, coordination center Ukrainian centrist and right parties, incl USDRP, UPSR, UPSF & USP, Aug 1918-1991); UPSF = Ukrayins'ka Partiya Sotsialistiv-Federalistiv (Ukrainian Party of Socialist Federalists, 7 Apr 1917-1923, renamed 1923-1939 as Ukrainian Radical Democratic Party); USDP = Ukrayins'ka Sotsial-Demokratychna Partiya (Ukrainian Social-Democratic Party, democratic socialist, Galicia regionalist, 17 Sep 1899-Sep 1939, banned by Poland 30 Jun 1924, merged into USP); USP = Ukrayins'ka Sotsialistychna Partiya (Ukrainian Socialist Party, socialist, merger of USDP, USDRP & UPSR members, est.24 Mar 1950); UPSR = Ukrayins'ka Partiya Sotsialistiv-Revolyutsioneriv/Ukrainskaya Partiya Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Ukrainian Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries, democratic socialist, agrarian socialist, 17 Apr 1917-1918, left wing faction merged into KPU-B, right wing in exile to 1950 then merged into USP); UPSS = Ukrayins'ka Partiya Sotsialistiv-Samostiynykiv (Ukrainian Party of Socialist Independents, socialist, 30 Dec 1917-1922, renamed Ukrainian People's Party); USDRP = Ukrayins'ka Sotsial-Demokratychna Robitnycha Partiya/Ukrainskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Ukrainian Social Democratic Workers' Party, democratic socialist, Jan 1919 split into right and left wing factions, 1920 exiled, Dec 1905-26 Mar 1950, merged into USP); Mil = Military

---

Makhnovist Forces (Makhnovshchina)

 9 Jun 1919                A brigade led by Nestor Makhno (established 21 Feb 1919 from
peasant guerrillas at Gulyaypole [Hulyaypole]) deserts the Red
             Army and occupies Yelizavetgrad (Kirovohrad)(until Aug 1919)
             between the departure of the Red Army and arrival of Denikin's
             "White" Armed Forces of the South Russia.
 1 Sep 1919                Ukrainian Revolutionary Insurgent Army (URIA) organized (from
20 Sep 1919 under short-lived alliance with the non-communist
Ukrainian People's Republic). Popularly called "Makhnovshchina"
             (Makhnovshchyna) and sometimes referred to as the "Black Army."
Oct 1919                   URIA occupies a large part of southern Ukraine, called the "free
rayons", in the rear of Denikin's "White" army (on 5 Oct 1919
Aleksandrovsk [Zaporizhzhya], on 14 Oct Mariupol, and 28 Oct
Yekaterinoslav [Dnipropetrovs'k]).
 1 Nov 1919                South Ukraine Labor Federation is proclaimed in Aleksandrovsk by
   the Congress of Peasants, Workers, and Insurgents Deputies as
   a federation of various level "free soviets" under the protection
             of Makhno's forces.
Nov 1919                   Most of the "free rayons" are lost to Denikin's "White" army (on 21
   Oct Mariupol', on 7 Nov Aleksandrovsk, and Yekaterinoslav
8 Dec 1919).
 9 Jan 1920                Aleksandrovsk finally lost (it is briefly re-occupied from late
Dec 1919 between the departure of Denikin's army and arrival of
   the Red Army). From Jan 1920, guerrilla operations against the
Red Army continue from a main base near Gulyaypole.
15 Oct 1920                Bolshevik-Makhnovist Treaty of Political and Military Alliance
concluded (it is not officially published by the Bolsheviks).
28 Aug 1921                Makhno and the remains of his army leave Ukraine for Romania.

Commander-in-chief of the Ukrainian Revolutionary Insurgent Army (de facto leader)
 1 Sep 1919 – 28 Aug 1921  Nestor Ivanovych Makhno            (b. 1888 – d. 1934)  Mil
"Bat'ko Makhno"
             (Nestor Ivanovich Makhno)

Chairmen of the Revolutionary Military Council
 1 Sep 1919–late Sep 1919  Oleksandr Lashchenko (1st time)    (b. 1890 – d.af.1928)Mil
(Aleksandr Lashchenko)
late Sep 1919–26 Nov 1919  Vsevolod Mykhaylovych Volyn        (b. 1882 – d. 1945)  KAU
       (Eykhenbaum)(Vsevolod Mikhaylovich Volin [Eykhenbaum])
26 Nov 1919 – 29 Dec 1919  Oleksandr Lashchenko (2nd time)    (s.a.)               Mil

Party abbreviations: KAU = Konfederatsiya Anarkhistskikh Organizatsiy Ukrainy "Nabat" (Confederation of Ukrainian Anarchist Organizations "Alarm", anarchist, 1918-1920); Mil = Military

---

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

26 Dec 1917 - 18 Apr 1918, 28 Nov 1918 - 14 Mar 1919	26 Dec 1917 - 18 Apr 1918 (Possible)	14 Mar 1919 - 30 Jan 1937
14 Mar 1919 - 30 Jan 1937 Variant	30 Jan 1937 - 21 Nov 1949	21 Nov 1949 - 28 Jan 1992
18 Sep 1991 - 28 Jan 1992 Co-National Flag

Capital: Kiev (Kyyiv) (Khar'kov [Kharkiv] Dec 1919-1934)	Hear SSR Anthem "Gosudarstvennyy Gimn  Ukrainskoy Sovetskoy Sotsialisticheskoy  Respubliki" ("Derzhavnyy  Himn Ukrayins'koyi  Radyans'koyi Sotsialistychnoyi Respubliky") (State Anthem of the  Ukrainian S.S.R.) (1949 - 15 Jan 1992) ----------------------------------- Former Anthem "Internatsional" (The Internationale) (1919-1922, de facto possibly)	Constitution (20 Apr 1978 - 8 Jun 1995; in Ukrainian) --------------------------------- Former Constitutions (10 Mar 1919, 15 May 1925, 30 Jan 1937) ------------------------------- Ukrainian Red Army:  188,000 (1919)	Population: 49,755,000 (1980) 26,279,000 (1923)
International Organizations/Treaties (1945-1991): ENMOD, ESCR, IAEA, ILO, Inmarsat, ITU, NTBT, OST, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNIDO, UPU, WFP, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Ukrainian oblasts

Note: Names are listed in Russian with Ukrainian in parentheses. Ukrainian and Russian BGN/PCGN romanization system.

25 Dec 1917                Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets (Ukrainskaya Narodnaya
   Respublika Sovetov) established in Khar'kov (Kharkiv) as a
Communist counter-government, as part of a federal Soviet Russian
republic.
 9 Feb 1918 -  1 Mar 1918  Soviet Russian occupation of Kiev (Kyyiv), which became the capital
of Soviet Ukraine (Soviet government moved to Poltava on 27
Feb 1918, to Yekaterinoslav [modern Dnipro] on 10 Mar 1918, into
             exile to Taganrog on 4 Apr 1918).
19 Mar 1918                Ukrainian Soviet Republic (Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Respublika),
subordinated to the Russian S.F.S.R.
28 Apr 1918                Authorities exiled to Moscow (from 12 Jul 1918, Kursk), Soviet
             Russia, following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the fall of
             Lugansk (Luhans'k).
28 Nov 1918                (Communist) Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of
             Ukraine (Vremennoye raboche-krest'yanskoye pravitel'stvo Ukrainy)
established (in Kursk, from 24 Dec 1918 Belgorod Soviet Russia
             exile).
 5 Feb 1919                Soviet Russian forces occupy Kiev, which became capital of
Soviet Ukraine (Khar'kov was seat of government from 6 Jan 1919).
10 Mar 1919                Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (Ukrayins'ka Sotsialistychna
               Radyans'ka Respublika/Ukrainskaya Sotsialisticheskaya
               Sovetskaya Respublika)(name adopted already 6 Jan 1919),
constitution adopted, sovereignty and (nominal) independence
declared.
 4 Jun 1919                Military and political union with the Russian S.F.S.R. (confirmed
by the Union Treaty of 28 Dec 1920).
30 Sep 1919 - 11 Dec 1919  Departure of the government to Gomel', Soviet Russia exile,
following "White" Russian occupation of Kiev.
30 Dec 1922                Founding component of the Soviet Union (see under Russia).
 5 Dec 1936                Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrayins'ka Radyans'ka
   Sotsialistychna Respublika/Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya
   Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika).
25 Jun 1941 -  2 Feb 1944  Occupied by Germany (Reichskommissariat Ukraine established
on 1 Sep 1941 [see below]).
 1 Jan 1990                Ukrainian is made the state language.
16 Jul 1990                Declaration of state sovereignty.
24 Aug 1991                Declaration of independence (Ukraine)(confirmed 1 Dec 1991). 

Secretaries of the Central Committee the Communist Party of Ukraine
12 Jul 1918 -  9 Sep 1918  Georgіy Leonidovich Pyatakov       (b. 1890 - d. 1937) 
(Heorhiy Leonidovych P'yatakov)
(1st time)
 9 Sep 1918 - 23 Oct 1918  Serafima Ilyinichna Gopner (f)     (b. 1880 - d. 1966)
(Serafyma Illivna Hopner)
23 Oct 1918 -  6 Mar 1919  Emmanuil Ionovich Kviring          (b. 1888 - d. 1937)
(Emmanuyil Ionovych Kviring)
 6 Mar 1919 - 30 May 1919  Georgіy Leonidovich Pyatakov       (s.a.)
(2nd time)
30 May 1919 - 10 Dec 1919  Stanislav Vikentyevich Kosior      (b. 1889 - d. 1939)
(Stanislav Vikentiyovych Kosior)
(1st time)
10 Dec 1919 - Jan 1920     Vacant?
Jan 1920 - 23 Mar 1920     Rafail Borisovich Farbman (acting) (b. 1893 - d. 1966)
(Rafayil Borysovych Farbman)
23 Mar 1920 - 25 Mar 1920  Nikolay Ilyich Nikolayev           (b. 1895 - d. 1937)
             (Beschetvertnoy)
(Mykola Illich Nikolayev [Bezchetvertnyy])
25 Mar 1920 - 23 Nov 1920  Stanislav Vikentyevich Kosior      (s.a.)
(2nd time)
First Secretary of the Central Committee the Communist Party of Ukraine
23 Nov 1920 - 22 Mar 1921  Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich Molotov    (b. 1890 - d. 1986)
(Vyacheslav Mykhaylovych Molotov)
Executive Secretary of the Central Committee the Communist Party of Ukraine
22 Mar 1921 - 15 Dec 1921  Feliks Yakovlevich Kon (b. 1864 - d. 1941)
(Felyks Yakovlevych Kon)
First Secretaries of the Central Committee the Communist Party of Ukraine
15 Dec 1921 - 10 Apr 1923  Dmitriy Zakharovich Manuilskiy     (b. 1883 - d. 1959)
  (Dmytro Zakharovych Manuyil's'kyy)
10 Apr 1923 - 20 Mar 1925  Emmanuil Ionovich Kviring          (s.a.)
General Secretaries of the Central Committee the Communist Party of Ukraine
20 Mar 1925 -  7 Apr 1925  Emmanuil Ionovich Kviring          (s.a.)
 7 Apr 1925 - 14 Jul 1928  Lazar' Moiseyevich Kaganovich      (b. 1893 - d. 1991)
(Lazar' Moyseyovych Kahanovych [Kaganovych])
14 Jul 1928 - 23 Jan 1934  Stanislav Vikentyevich Kosior      (s.a.)
First Secretaries of the Central Committee the Communist Party of Ukraine
23 Jan 1934 - 27 Jan 1938  Stanislav Vikentyevich Kosior      (s.a.)
27 Jan 1938 -  3 Mar 1947  Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev      (b. 1894 - d. 1971)
(Khrushchyov)(1st time)
        (Mykyta Serhiyovych Khrushchov [Khrushchyov])
(acting to 18 Jun 1938)
(in Russian SFSR exile 1941-1944)
 3 Mar 1947 - 26 Dec 1947  Lazar' Moiseyevich Kaganovich      (s.a.)
26 Dec 1947 - 28 Dec 1949  Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev      (s.a.)
(2nd time) 
28 Dec 1949 -  4 Jun 1953  Leonid Georgiyevich Mel'nikov      (b. 1906 - d. 1981)
(Leonid Heorhiyovych Mel'nykov)
 4 Jun 1953 - 26 Dec 1957  Aleksey Illarіonovich Kirichenko   (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
(Oleksiy Ilarionovych Kyrychenko)
26 Dec 1957 -  2 Jul 1963  Nikolay Viktorovich Podgornyy      (b. 1903 - d. 1983)
(Mykola Viktorovych Pidhornyy)
 2 Jul 1963 - 25 May 1972  Pyotr Yefimovich Shelest           (b. 1908 - d. 1996)
(Petro Yukhymovych Shelest)
25 May 1972 - 28 Sep 1989  Vladimir Vasilyevich Shcherbitskiy (b. 1918 - d. 1990)
(Volodymyr Vasylyovych Shcherbyts'kyy)
28 Sep 1989 - 23 Jun 1990  Vladimir Antonovich Ivashko        (b. 1932 - d. 1994)
(Volodymyr Antonovych Ivashko)
23 Jun 1990 - 26 Aug 1991  Stanislav Ivanovich Gurenko        (b. 1936 - d. 2013)
(Stanislav Ivanovych Hurenko)

Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee (in rebellion)
26 Dec 1917 - 30 Dec 1917  Presidium of the Central Executive
Committee (acting)
   - Vladimir Khristiyanovich Aussem  (b. 1882 - d. 1937?) RSDRP-B
  (Volodymyr Khrystyyanovych Aussem)
- Issak Leybovich Erlikherman      (b. 1892 - d. 1938)  RSDRP-B
  (Isaak Leybovych Erlikherman)
      - Yevgeniya Bogdanovna Bosh (Bosch)(b. 1879 - d. 1925)  RSDRP-B
(Yevheniya Bohdanivna Bosh)(f)
- Sergey Sergeyevich Bakinskiy     (b. 1886 - d. 1939)  RSDRP-B
   (Serhiy Serhiyovych Bakyns'kyy)
  - Vasiliy Matveyevich Shakhray     (b. 1888 - d. 1919)  RSDRP-B
(Vasyl' Matviyovych Shakhray)
30 Dec 1917 - 19 Mar 1918  Yukhym Grigoryevich Medvyedyev     (b. 1886 - d. 1938)  USDRP
(Yukhym Hryhorovych Medvyedyev)
19 Mar 1918 - 25 Mar 1918  Presidium of the Central Executive
Committee (acting)
- Vladimir Petrovich Zatonskiy     (b. 1888 - d. 1938)  RKP
  (Volodymyr Petrovych Zatons'kyy)
           - Yan Borisovich Gamarnik          (b. 1894 - d. 1937)  RKP
(Yan Borysovych Hamarnyk)
           - Georgiy Fyodorovich Lapchinskiy  (b. 1887 - d. 1938)  RKP
   (Heorhiy Fedorovych Lapchyns'kyy)
- Leonid Dmitriyevich Korobchuk    (b. 1898 - d. 19..)  USDRP
(Karabchuk)(Leonid Dmytrovych Korobchuk [Karabchuk])
- Afanasiy Semyonovich (Severov)   (b. 1884 - d. 1938)  UPSR
Odoyevskiy
(Opanas Semenovych [Sivero] Odoyevs'kyy)
  - Pavel Fyodorovich Boychenko           UPSR
   (Pavlo Fedorovych Boychenko)
- Yevgeniy Petrovich Terletskiy    (b. 1892 - d. 1938)  UPSR
          (Yevhen Petrovych Terlets'kyy)
        - Viktor Grigoryevich Grish              UPSR
(Viktor Hryhorovych Hrysh)
25 Mar 1918 - 28 Apr 1918  Vladimir Petrovich Zatonskiy       (s.a.)               RKP 
28 Apr 1918 - 12 Jul 1918  All-Ukrainian Bureau For Directing the Partisan 
                           Resistance Against the German Occupiers
(in Soviet Russia exile)
                           - Andrey Sergeyevich Bubnov        (b. 1884 - d. 1938)  KPU-B
(Andriy Serhiyovych Bubnov)
- Nikolay Alekseyevich Skrypnik    (b. 1872 - d. 1933)  KPU-B 
(Mykola Oleksiyovych Skrypnyk)
(chairman)
- Vladimir Petrovich Zatonskiy   (s.a.)               KPU-B 
- Georgіy Leonidovich Pyatakov     (s.a.)               KPU-B
- Yevgeniy Petrovich Terletskiy  (s.a.)               UPSR
- Afanasiy Semyonovich Severo-     (s.a.)               UPSR
Odoyevskiy
- Sergey Dmitriyevich Mstislavskiy (b. 1876 - d. 1943)  KPU-B
             (Serhiy Dmytrovych Mstyslavs'kyy) 
- Nikolay Yevtikhiyevich           (b. 1897 - d. 1918)  KPU-B      Vrublevskiy
(Mykola Yevtykhiyovych Vrublevs'kyy)
           - Stanislav Vikentyevich Kosior    (s.a.)               KPU-B
[list not necessarily complete]
Chairmen of the All-Ukrainian Central Military Revolutionary Committee
(in Soviet Russia exile to 6 Jan 1919)
12 Jul 1918 - 18 Sep 1918  Andrey Sergeyevich Bubnov          (s.a.)               KPU-B
(Andriy Serhiyovych Bubnov)
18 Sep 1918 - 28 Nov 1918  Fyodor Andreyevich Sergeyev        (b. 1883 - d. 1921)  KPU-B
"Artem" ("Artyom") (1st time)
(Fedir Andriyovych Serhyeyev "Artem")
28 Nov 1918 -  6 Jan 1919  Grigoriy Ivanovich Petrovskіy      (b. 1878 - d. 1958)  KPU-B
(Hryhoriy Ivanovych Petrovs'kyy)
 6 Jan 1919 - 10 Mar 1919  Fyodor Andreyevich Sergeyev        (s.a.)               KPU-B
"Artem" ("Artyom") (2nd time) 
Chairman of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee
10 Mar 1919 - 11 Dec 1919  Grigoriy Ivanovich Petrovskіy      (b. 1878 - d. 1958)  KPU-B
  (Hryhoriy Ivanovych Petrovs'kyy)
(1st time)
Chairman of the All-Ukrainian Revolutionary Committee
11 Dec 1919 - 19 Feb 1920  Grigoriy Ivanovich Petrovskiy      (s.a.)               KPU-B
(Hryhoriy Ivanovych Petrovs'kyy)
Chairman of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee
19 Feb 1920 - 25 Jul 1938  Grigoriy Ivanovich Petrovskіy      (s.a.)               KPU-B
(2nd time)
Chairman of the Supreme Council
25 Jul 1938 - 27 Jul 1938  Mikhail Alekseyevich Burmistenko   (b. 1902 - d. 1941)  KPU-B
(Mykhaylo Oleksiyovych Burmystenko)
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
27 Jul 1938 - 28 Jul 1939  Leonid Romanovich Korniyets        (b. 1901 - d. 1969)  KPU-B
(Korniets)(Leonid Romanovych Korniyets' [Kornyets])
28 Jul 1939 - 15 Jan 1954  Mikhail Sergeyevich Grechukha      (b. 1902 - d. 1976)  KPU-B;1952
(Mykhaylo Serhiyovych Hrechukha)                      KPU
(in Russian SFSR exile 1941-1944)
15 Jan 1954 -  7 Apr 1969  Dem'yan Sergeyevich Korotchenko    (b. 1894 - d. 1969)  KPU
(Dem'yan Serhiyovych Korotchenko)
 7 Apr 1969 - 20 Jun 1969  Stepan Yemelyanovich Stetsenko     (b. 1903 - d. 1989)  KPU
(Stepan Omelyanovych Stetsenko)
(1st time) (acting)
20 Jun 1969 -  9 Jun 1972  Aleksandr Pavlovich Lyashko        (b. 1915 - d. 2002)  KPU
(Oleksandr Pavlovych Lyashko)
 9 Jun 1972 - 28 Jul 1972  Stepan Yemelyanovich Stetsenko     (s.a.)               KPU
(2nd time) (acting)
28 Jul 1972 - 25 Jun 1976  Ivan Samіylovich Grushetskiy       (b. 1904 - d. 1982)  KPU
(Ivan Samiylovych Grushets'kyy)
25 Jun 1976 - 22 Nov 1984  Aleksey Fedoseyevich Vatchenko     (b. 1914 - d. 1984)  KPU
(Oleksiy Fedosiyovych Vatchenko)
22 Nov 1984 -  4 Jun 1990  Valentina Semyonovna Shevchenko (f)(b. 1935 - d. 2020)  KPU
(Valentyna Semyenovna Shevchenko)
(acting to 27 Mar 1985)
Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet
 4 Jun 1990 - 18 Jul 1990  Vladimir Antonovich Ivashko        (s.a.)               KPU
(Volodymyr Antonovych Ivashko)
 9 Jul 1990 - 23 Jul 1990  Ivan Stepanovich Plyushch          (b. 1941 - d. 2014)  KPU
(Ivan Stepanovych Plyushch)
(acting [for Ivashko to 18 Jul 1990])
23 Jul 1990 - 24 Aug 1991  Leonid Makarovich Kravchuk         (b. 1934 - d. 2022)  KPU
             (Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk)

Chairmen of the People's Secretariat
17 Dec 1917 -  4 Mar 1918  Yevgeniya Bogdanovna Bosh (Bosch)  (s.a.)               RSDRP-B  (Yevheniya Bohdanivna Bosh)(f)
(acting)
 4 Mar 1918 - 28 Apr 1918  Nikolay Alekseyevich Skrypnik (s.a.)               RKP
(Mykola Oleksiyovych Skrypnyk)
28 Apr 1918 - 28 Nov 1918  post abolished   
Chairmen of the Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government
28 Nov 1918 - 16 Jan 1919  Georgіy Leonidovich Pyatakov       (s.a.)               KPU-B
(Heorhiy Leonidovych P'yatakov)
(continued in dissidence 16 - 24 Jan 1919)
16 Jan 1919 - 24 Jan 1919  Fyodor Andreyevich Sergeyev        (s.a.)               KPU-B
"Artem" ("Artyom")
  (Fedir Andriyovych Serhyeyev "Artem")
(acting from 19 Jan 1919)
24 Jan 1919 – 29 Jan 1919  Khristiyan Georgiyevich Rakovskiy  (b. 1873 - d. 1941)  KPU-B
(Khrystyyan Heorhiyovych Rakovs'kyy
                             [= Krăstyo Georgiev Stanchev])
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
29 Jan 1919 - 11 Dec 1919  Khristiyan Georgiyevich Rakovskiy  (s.a.)               KPU-B
(Khrystyyan Heorhiyovych Rakovs'kyy)
(1st time)
11 Dec 1919 - 19 Feb 1920  post abolished
19 Feb 1920 - 15 Jul 1923  Khristiyan Georgiyevich Rakovskiy  (s.a.)               KPU-B
(2nd time)
15 Jul 1923 - 28 Apr 1934  Vlas Yakovich (Yakovlevich) Chubar (b. 1891 - d. 1939)  KPU-B
(Vlas Yakovych [Yakovlevych] Chubar)
28 Apr 1934 - 30 Aug 1937  Panas Petrovich Lyubchenko         (b. 1897 - d. 1937)  KPU-B
(Panas Petrovych Lyubchenko)
30 Aug 1937 - 29 Oct 1937  Mikhaylo Ilyich Bondarenko         (b. 1903 - d. 1938)  KPU-B
(Mykhaylo Illich Bondarenko)
13 Oct 1937 - 21 Feb 1938  Nikolay Makarovich Marchak         (b. 1903 - d. 1938)  KPU-B
(Mykola Makarovych Marchak)
  (acting [for Bondarenko to 29 Oct 1937])
21 Feb 1938 - 28 Jul 1939  Dem'yan Sergeyevich Korotchenko    (s.a.)               KPU-B
(Dem'yan Serhiyovych Korotchenko)
(1st time)
28 Jul 1939 -  5 Feb 1944  Leonid Romanovich Korniyets (s.a.)               KPU-B
(Korniets)(Leonid Romanovych Korniyets' [Kornyets])
(in Russian SFSR exile 1941-1944)
 5 Feb 1944 - 25 Mar 1946  Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev      (s.a.)               KPU-B
(Khrushchyov)
(Mykyta Serhiyovych Khrushchov [Khrushchyov])
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
25 Mar 1946 - 26 Dec 1947  Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev      (s.a.)               KPU-B
26 Dec 1947 - 15 Jan 1954  Dem'yan Sergeyevich Korotchenko    (s.a.)               KPU-B;1952
(2nd time)                                            KPU
15 Jan 1954 - 28 Feb 1961  Nikifor Timofeyevich Kal'chenko    (b. 1906 - d. 1989)  KPU
(Nykyfor Tymofiyovych Kal'chenko)
28 Feb 1961 - 28 Jun 1963  Vladimir Vasilyevich Shcherbitskiy (s.a.)               KPU
(Volodymyr Vasylyovych Shcherbyts'kyy)
(1st time) 
28 Jun 1963 - 15 Oct 1965  Ivan Pavlovich Kazanets'           (b. 1918 - d. 2013)  KPU
(Ivan Pavlovych Kazanets')
15 Oct 1965 -  9 Jun 1972  Vladimir Vasilyevich Shcherbitskiy (s.a.)               KPU
(2nd time) 
 9 Jun 1972 - 10 Jul 1987  Aleksandr Pavlovich Lyashko        (s.a.)               KPU
(Oleksandr Pavlovych Lyashko)
10 Jul 1987 - 23 Oct 1990  Vitaliy Andreyevich Masol          (b. 1928 - d. 2018)  KPU
(Vitaliy Andriyovych Masol)
23 Oct 1990 - 18 Apr 1991  Vitol'd Pavlovich Fokin            (b. 1932 - d. 2025)  KPU
(Vitol'd Pavlovych Fokin [Fokyn])
(acting to 14 Nov 1990)

Pro-Soviet Resistance to German Occupation 1941-1944

Chief of Staff of Ukrainian Partisan Units (also in charge of Moldavia)

20 Jun 1942 – 1944         Timofey Amvrosiyevich Strokach     (b. 1903 - d. 1963)  Mil/KPU-B

Party abbreviations: KPU = Komunistychna Partiya Ukrayiny/Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Ukrainy (Communist Party of Ukraine, communist, former KPU-B, 13 Oct 1952-26 Aug 1991); KPU-B = Komunistychna Partiya (Bil'shovykiv) Ukrayiny/Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov) Ukrainy (Communist Party [Bolsheviks] of Ukraine, communist, separated 1 Mar 1919 from RKP, 12 Jul 1918-13 Oct 1952, renamed KPU); RKP = Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Communist Party [Bolsheviks], Marxist-Leninist communist, former RSDRP-B, state party, 8 Mar 1918 - 31 Dec 1925, renamed Vsesoyuznaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)[All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]); RSDRP-B = Rossiyskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party [Bolsheviks], Russian revolutionary socialist, Marxist communist, 1 Mar 1898-8 Mar 1918, renamed RKP); UPSR = Ukrayins'ka Partiya Sotsialistiv-Revolyutsioneriv/Ukrainskaya Partiya Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Ukrainian Party of Socialists-Revolutionaries, democratic socialist, agrarian socialist, 17 Apr 1917-1918, left wing faction merged into KPU-B, right wing in exile to 1950 then merged into USP); USDRP = Ukrayins'ka Sotsial-Demokratychna Robitnycha Partiya/Ukrainskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Ukrainian Social Democratic Workers' Party, democratic socialist, Jan 1919 split into right and left wing factions, 1920 exiled, Dec 1905-26 Mar 1950, merged into USP)

---

Odessa (Odesa) Region

1526                       Ottoman Empire annexes Ochakov (Ochakiv), the rest of area is
retained by khanate of Crimea under Ottoman suzerainty.
1774         Under the Ottoman rule upon independence of Crimea (part of Eyalet
     of Silistra).
1788         Russian occupation of the area.
1791         Ceded to Russia by the Ottoman Empire, to 1796 included in the
     governorate-general of Yekaterinoslav, Taurida and Voznesensk
(area of the governorate-general referred to as Novorossiya).
1794                       Odessa city founded.
1802 - 1822   Military Governorate of Nikolayev (from 1803, Kherson), covering
governorates of Yekaterinoslav (to 1814), Nikolayev (from 1803,
Kherson) and Taurida.
1822 - 1874   Governorate-general of Novorossiya (governorates of Kherson,
Taurida and [to 1830] Yekaterinoslav) and Bessarabia.
1879 - 1890                Temporary governorate-general of Odessa, covering the four
governorates of the former governorate-general of Novorossiya.
1905 - 1911   Temporary governorate-general of Odessa, covering only the Kherson
governorate.
1914 - 1917                Governorate-general of Odessa, covering the governorates of
Kherson, Bessarabia and Taurida.
20 Nov 1917                (First) "Rumcherod", founded in 23 May 1917, recognized authority
     of the Ukrainian People's Republic.
23 Dec 1917                (Second) Central Executive Committee of Soviets of Soldiers',
Sailors', Workers' and Peasants' Deputies of the Romanian Front,
the Black Sea Fleet and Odessa oblast ("Rumcherod") organized.
14 Jan 1918 - 26 Jan 1918  Bolshevik units of "Rumcherod" occupy Bessarabia (see Moldova).
27 Jan 1918    "Rumcherod" declared itself the "supreme Soviet authority" in
rebellion against the Ukrainian People's Republic, on 30 Jan 1918
             occupied Kherson, on 31 Jan 1918 completed occupation of Odessa
             (Odesa).
31 Jan 1918                Odessa Soviet Republic (Odesskaya Sovetskaya Respublika) proclaimed
             by "Rumcherod" (claiming Kherson and Bessarabia governorates); as
a part of Russia.
13 Mar 1918 - 16 Dec 1918  Odessa occupied by Austria-Hungary, part of the Ukrainian People's
     Republic (Ukrainian State 29 Apr 1918-11 Dec 1918), Kherson
occupied from 19 Mar 1918.
16 Dec 1918 -  8 Apr 1919  Odessa occupied by the Allied and Associated Powers and on 18 Dec
         1918 declared an Allied protectorate (French and Greek troops
present from 7 Dec 1918), Ukrainian authorities withdrew.
30 Jan 1919                Allied-occupied area enlarged (to also include Kherson), but the
civil administration of the Ukrainian People's Republic remained.
 8 Apr 1919    Soviet troops occupied Odessa (on 10 Mar 1919 Kherson occupied),
part of the Ukrainian S.S.R.
24 Aug 1919 -  7 Feb 1920  "White" Russian forces (Armed Forces in the South of Russia) occupy
Odessa (Kherson occupied from 13 Aug 1919).
 7 Feb 1920            Soviet troops re-occupy Odessa (on 4 Feb 1920 Kherson occupied),
part of the Ukrainian S.S.R.

Governors-general of Yekaterinoslav, (from 1784) Taurida and (from 1795) Voznesensk
"Novorossiya" (with title Namestnik; in Kremenchug, from 1789 Yekaterinoslav [modern Dnipro])
1783 - 1791                Knyaz' Grigoriy Aleksandrovich      (b. 1739 - d. 1791)
Potyomkin-Tavricheskiy
1791 - 1793                Vacant
1793 - 1796                Graf Platon Aleksandrovich Zubov    (b. 1767 - d. 1822)
1796 - 1797                Nikolay Mikhaylovich Berdyayev      (b. 1745 - d. 1823)
28 Mar 1797 - 1800         Ivan Yakovlevich Seletskiy          (b. c.1743 - d. 1810)
13 Jun 1800 -  2 May 1801  Yuriy Alekseyevich Nikolev          (b. 1749 - d. 1819)
 2 May 1801 -  8 Oct 1802  Mikhail Pavlovich Miklashevskiy     (b. 1756 - d. 1847)
Military governors of Nikolayev (from 1803, Kherson) and chief administrators of civil affairs for Yekaterinoslav (to 1814), Nikolayev (from 1803, Kherson) and Taurida Governorates (with rights of governor-general; in Yekaterinoslav, 1803-1805 in Kherson, from 1805 in Odessa)
Dec 1802 - Feb 1803        Ivan Ivanovich Mikhel'son           (b. 1740 - d. 1807)
  (Johann von Michelsohnen)
Feb 1803 - Oct 1803        Sergey Andreyevich Bekleshov        (b. 1752 - d. 1803)
Oct 1803 - Mar 1805        Andrey Grigoryevich Rozenberg       (b. 1739 - d. 1813)
     (Diederich Arend von Rosenberg)
Mar 1805 - Sep 1814        Armand Emmanuel du Plessis,         (b. 1766 - d. 1822)
duc de Richelieu
(= Gertsog Emmanuil Osipovich de Rishel'yo)
Sep 1814 - Dec 1815        Aleksandr Yakovlevich Rudzevich     (b. 1775 - d. 1829) 
Dec 1815 - Jul 1822        Alexandre Louis Andrault, comte     (b. 1763 - d. 1831)
de Langeron                       
(= Graf Aleksandr Fyodorovich Lanzheron)
Governors-general of Novorossiya and Bessarabia (in Odessa)
17 Jul 1822 -  7 May 1823  Ivan Nikitich Inzov                 (b. 1768 - d. 1845)
19 May 1823 -  5 Nov 1854  Graf Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov  (b. 1782 - d. 1856)
(from 1845, Knyaz' Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov)
   (absent 1826-1828, 1830-1832, from 1846)
29 May 1826 -  1 Jan 1828  Graf Fyodor Petrovich Palen         (b. 1780 - d. 1863)
(Friedrich Alexander Graf von der Pahlen)
(1st time)(acting for Vorontsov)
1830 - 1831                Afanasiy Ivanovich Krasovskiy       (b. 1781 - d. 1843)
  (acting for Vorontsov)
15 Feb 1831 - Oct 1832     Graf Fyodor Petrovich Palen         (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting for Vorontsov)
1846 - Nov 1854            Pavel Ivanovich Fyodorov            (b. 1789 - d. 1855)
(acting for Vorontsov)
Nov 1854 - 17 Apr 1855     Nikolay Nikolayevich Annenkov       (b. 1799 - d. 1865)
17 Apr 1855 - 29 Jun 1862  Graf Aleksandr Grigoryevich         (b. 1795 - d. 1891)
Stroganov
 2 Dec 1862 - Jan 1874     Pavel Yevstafyevich Kotsebu         (b. 1801 - d. 1884)
  (Paul Demetrius von Kotzebue)
Temporary governors-general (from 1914, governor-general) of Odessa
1879 - 1880                Graf Eduard Ivanovich Totleben      (b. 1818 - d. 1884)
(Franz Eduard Graf von Totleben)
1880 - 1881                Aleksandr Romanovich Drentel'n      (b. 1820 - d. 1888)
   (Alexander von Drenteln)
1881 - 1882                Knyaz' Aleksandr Mikhailovich       (b. 1820 - d. 1893)
Dondukov-Korsakov
1882 - 1883                Iosif Vladimirovich Gurko           (b. 1828 - d. 1901)
1883 - 1890    Khristofor Khristoforovich Roop     (b. 1831 - d. 1917)
(Christoph von Roop)
1890 - 1905                Post abolished
1905 - 1906                Konstantin Adamovich Karangozov     (b. 1852 - d. 1907)
1906 - 1907                Pavel Fyodorovich Glagolev          (b. 1849 - d. af.1910)
1907 - 1911    Ivan Nikolayevich Tolmachev         (b. 1861 - d. 1932)
1911 - 1914                Post abolished
1914 - 1917                Mikhail Isayevich Ebelov            (b. 1855 - d. 1919)
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets of Soldiers', Sailors', Workers' and Peasants' Deputies of the Romanian Front, the Black Sea Fleet and Odessa Oblast ("Rumcherod")
23 Dec 1917 - 13 Mar 1918  Vladimir Grigoryevich Yudovskiy     (b. 1880 - d. 1949)  RSDRP-B
(with no executive role from 31 Jan 1918)

Chairman of the Executive Committee of Soviets of Odessa Oblast
20 Feb 1918 - 13 Mar 1918  Pyotr Ivanovich Starostin           (b. 1883 - d. 1918)  RSDRP-B
(Petro Ivanovych Starostin)
Allied and Associated Powers Military Commanders in Odessa (all from France)
16 Dec 1918 - 15 Jan 1919  Albert Charles Jules Borius         (b. 1865 - d. 1937)  Mil
15 Jan 1919 -  8 Apr 1919  Philippe Henri Joseph d'Anselme     (b. 1864 - d. 1936)  Mil
Chief administrator of Novorossiya Oblast (with rights of governor-general)
(in charge of Kherson and Taurida governorates)
25 Aug 1919 -  7 Feb 1920  Nikolay Nikolayevich Shilling       (b. 1870 - d. 1946)  Mil

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Odessa Soviet Republic
31 Jan 1918 - 13 Mar 1918  Vladimir Grigoryevich Yudovskiy     (s.a.)    RSDRP-B
Governors of Odessa Rayon and Heads of the Consultation (from 21 Mar 1919, Directory)
(chiefs of the French-appointed 'Odessa government')
18 Dec 1918 - 15 Mar 1919  Aleksey Nikolayevich Grishin-       (b. 1880 - d. 1919)  Mil
Almazov
21 Mar 1919 -  8 Apr 1919  Aleksey Vladimirovich Shvarts       (b. 1874 - d. 1853)  Mil

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Khar'kov (Kharkiv) and Donetsk (Donets'k) Regions

1780 - 1796    Governorate-general of Khar'kov and (except 1787-1791) Voronezh.
1802 - 1835    Military Governorate of Malorossiya, covering governorates of
         Poltava and Chernigov.
1835 - 1856    Governorate-general of Khar'kov, Poltava and Chernigov.
1879 - 1882            Temporary governorate-general of Khar'kov, covering governorates of
         Khar'kov, Poltava, Chernigov, Kursk, Oryol and Voronezh.
1905 - 1906            Temporary governorate-general of Khar'kov.
20 Nov 1917                (First) Executive Committee of Soviets of Donetsk-Krivoy Rog
Basins, founded in May 1917 in Khar'kov (Kharkiv), recognized
authority of the Ukrainian People's Republic (in Lugansk
[Luhans'k] Bolshevik rule was established).
20 Dec 1917                (Second) Executive Committee declared that Donetsk-Krivoy Rog
Oblast, covering Khar'kov and Yekaterinoslav governorates, parts
         of Kherson governorate (area of Krivoy Rog) and Taurida
governorate (area of Melitopol'), and the newly Bolshevik-created
             Donetsk governorate, belongs to Soviet Russia.
23 Dec 1917                Soviet Russian troops occupy Khar'kov (Yekaterinoslav [modern
         Dnipro] is occupied 11 Jan 1918).
25 Dec 1917                Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets established in Khar'kov,
part of a federal Soviet Russian republic.
12 Feb 1918                Soviet Republic of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Basins (Donets'k-Kryvyy
             Rih), with a capital in Khar'kov, is proclaimed in Khar'kov,
Yekaterinoslav, Donetsk, and parts of Kherson and Taurian
   governorates provinces, part of Russian S.F.S.R.; separation from
Ukraine declared.
19 Mar 1918                Accepted merger into the Ukrainian Soviet Republic (largely
nominally).
 8 Apr 1918 - 19 Nov 1918  German occupation of Khar'kov, part of the Ukrainian People's
      Republic (29 Apr 1918-18 Nov 1918 the Ukrainian State),
Yekaterinoslav occupied by Austrians from 4 Apr 1918, Lugansk
    occupied by Austrians and Germans on 28 Apr 1918.
19 Nov 1918 - 21 Jan 1919  Lugansk occupied by the Don Cossacks, originally by agreement with
the Ukrainian People's Republic.
 3 Jan 1919                Soviet occupation of Khar'kov (in Lugansk from 21 Jan 1919, in
   Yekaterinoslav from 27 Jan 1919), part of the Ukrainian S.S.R.
25 Jun 1919 - 12 Dec 1919  "White" Russian forces (Armed Forces in the South of Russia) occupy
     Khar'kov (in Lugansk from 27 May 1919, in Yekaterinoslav from
29 Jun 1919, in Poltava from 16 Jul 1919).
28 Oct 1919 -  8 Dec 1919  Makhnovist Forces occupy Yekaterinoslav.
12 Dec 1919                Soviet occupation of Khar'kov (in Poltava from 13 Dec 1919, in
Lugansk from 24 Dec 1919, in Yekaterinoslav from 30 Dec 1919),
             part of the Ukrainian S.S.R.

Governors-general of Khar'kov and (except 1787-1791) Voronezh
(with title Namestnik)(in Khar'kov)
1780 - 1782                Yevdokim Alekseyevich Shcherbinin  (b. 1728 - d. 1783)
1782 - 1787                Vasiliy Alekseyevich Chertkov      (b. 1726 - d. 1793)
1787 - 1791                Knyaz' Grigoriy Aleksandrovich     (b. 1739 - d. 1791)
Potyomkin-Tavricheskiy
1791 - 1796                Vacant
1796        Andrey Yakovlevich Levanidov       (b. 1747 - d. 1802)
Military governors of Malorossiya and Chief administrators of Civil affairs for
Poltava and Chernigov Governorates (in Poltava; with rights of governor-general)
1802 - 1807                Knyaz' Aleksey Borisovich Kurakin  (b. 1759 - d. 1829)
1808 - 1816                Knyaz' Yakov Ivanovich Lobanov-    (b. 1760 - d. 1831)
Rostovskiy
1816 - 1834                Knyaz' Nikolay Grigoryevich Repnin (b. 1778 - d. 1845)
-Volkonskiy
1834 - 1835                Graf Aleksandr Dmitriyevich Guryev (b. 1785 - d. 1865)
Governors-general of Khar'kov, Poltava and Chernigov (in Poltava, from 1837 in Khar'kov)
1835 - 1836                Graf Vasiliy Vasilyevich Levashov  (b. 1783 - d. 1848)
1836 - 1839                Graf Aleksandr Grigoryevich        (b. 1796 - d. 1891)
Stroganov
1840 - 1847                Knyaz' Nikolay Andreyevich         (b. 1792 - d. 1847)
Dolgorukov
1847 - 1856                Sergey Aleksandrovich Kokoshkin    (b. 1796 - d. 1861)
Temporary governors-general of Khar'kov
1879 - 1880                Graf Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-    (b. 1825 - d. 1888)
Melikov
1880 - 1881                Knyaz' Aleksandr Mikhaylovich      (b. 1820 - d. 1893)
Dondukov-Korsakov
1881 - 1882                Knyaz' Dmitriy Ivanovich           (b. 1825 - d. 1889)
Svyatopolk-Mirskiy
1882 - 1905                Post abolished
1905 - 1906                Konstantin Sokratovich Starynkevich(b. 1858 - d. 1906)
1906                Nikolay Nikolayevich Peshkov       (b. 1857 - d. af.1917)
Chairman of the Executive Committee of Soviets of Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Oblast
20 Dec 1917 - 28 Apr 1918  Semyon Filippovich Vasil'chenko    (b. 1884 - d. 1937)  RSDRP-B
        (with no executive rule from 14 Feb 1918)
Chairman of the Oblast Council of People's Commissars of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Basins
14 Feb 1918 - May 1918     Fyodor Andreyevich Sergeyev        (b. 1883 - d. 1921)  RSDRP-B/RKP
  "Artem" ("Artyom")
(Fedir Andriyovych Serhyeyev "Artem")
 9 Apr 1918 – May 1918     Yuriy Khrisanfovich Lutovinov      (b. 1887 - d. 1924)  RKP
   (Yuriy Khrysanfovych Lotovinov)
(acting for Sergeyev)
(in Lugansk to 28 Apr 1918, then in
exile in Tsaritsyn [modern Volgograd])
Chief administrators of Khar'kov Oblast (with rights of governor-general)
(in charge of Khar'kov, Poltava and Yekaterinoslav governorates
and the White-occupied Russian areas towards Moscow)
25 Jun 1919 - 10 Dec 1919  Vladimir Zenonovich May-Mayevskiy  (b. 1867 - d. 1920)  Mil
10 Dec 1919 - 12 Dec 1919  Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel'  (b. 1878 - d. 1928)  Mil

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(post-Soviet) Ukraine

Note: Names are listed in Ukrainian, romanization system BGN/PCGN.

24 Aug 1991                Declaration of independence (Ukraine [Ukrayina])
(ratified by referendum on 1 Dec 1991).
26 Dec 1991                Independence effective (dissolution of the
Soviet Union).

Chairman of the Supreme Council
24 Aug 1991 -  5 Dec 1991  Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk         (b. 1934 - d. 2022)  Non-party
Presidents
 5 Dec 1991 - 19 Jul 1994  Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk (s.a.)               Non-party
19 Jul 1994 - 23 Jan 2005  Leonid Danylovych Kuchma (b. 1938)            Non-party
23 Jan 2005 - 25 Feb 2010  Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko      (b. 1954)            NU
25 Feb 2010 - 22 Feb 2014  Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych       (b. 1950)            Non-party
23 Feb 2014 -  7 Jun 2014  Oleksandr Valentynovych Turchynov  (b. 1964)            VOB;2014 NF
             (acting)
 7 Jun 2014 - 20 May 2019  Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko      (b. 1965)           BP/Non-party
20 May 2019 -              Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelens'kyy(b. 1978)            SN

Prime ministers 
18 Apr 1991 -  2 Oct 1992  Vitol'd Pavlovych Fokin (b. 1932 - d. 2025) KPU;1991 Ind
 2 Oct 1992 - 13 Oct 1992  Valentyn Kostyantynovych Symonenko (b. 1940)            Non-party
(acting) 
13 Oct 1992 - 22 Sep 1993  Leonid Danylovych Kuchma (s.a.)               Non-party
22 Sep 1993 - 16 Jun 1994  Yukhym Leonidovych Zvyahil's'kyy   (b. 1933 - d. 2021)  Non-party
(acting) 
16 Jun 1994 -  6 Mar 1995  Vitaliy Andriyovych Masol          (b. 1928 - d. 2018)  KPU
 6 Mar 1995 - 27 May 1996  Yevhen Kyrylovych Marchuk          (b. 1941 - d. 2021)  SDP
(acting to 8 Jun 1995)
28 May 1996 -  2 Jul 1997  Pavlo Ivanovych Lazarenko          (b. 1953)            Hromada
19 Jun 1997 - 16 Jul 1997  Vasyl' Vasylyovych Durdynets'      (b. 1937)            Non-party
(acting [for Lazarenko to 2 Jul 1997])
16 Jul 1997 - 22 Dec 1999  Valeriy Pavlovych Pustovoytenko    (b. 1947)            NDP
22 Dec 1999 - 29 May 2001  Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko      (s.a.)               Non-party
29 May 2001 - 21 Nov 2002  Anatoliy Kyrylovych Kinakh         (b. 1954)            PPP
21 Nov 2002 -  5 Jan 2005  Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych       (s.a.)               PR
(1st time)
 7 Dec 2004 - 28 Dec 2004  Mykola Yanovych Azarov (1st time)  (b. 1947)            PR
(acting for Yanukovych)
 5 Jan 2005 - 24 Jan 2005  Mykola Yanovych Azarov (2nd time)  (s.a.)               PR
 (acting)      
24 Jan 2005 -  8 Sep 2005  Yuliya Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko (f)(b. 1960)            VOB
(1st time) (acting to 4 Feb 2005)
 8 Sep 2005 -  4 Aug 2006  Yuriy Ivanovych Yekhanurov         (b. 1948)            NU
(Ekhanurov)(acting to 22 Sep 2005)
 4 Aug 2006 - 18 Dec 2007  Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (s.a.)               PR
(2nd time)
18 Dec 2007 - 11 Mar 2010  Yuliya Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko (f)(s.a.)               VOB
(2nd time)
 4 Mar 2010 -  9 Mar 2010  Oleksandr Valentynovych Turchynov  (s.a.)               VOB
           (1st time)([de facto] acting for Tymoshenko)
11 Mar 2010 - 28 Jan 2014  Mykola Yanovych Azarov (3rd time)  (s.a.)               PR
28 Jan 2014 - 22 Feb 2014  Serhiy Gennadiyovych Arbuzov       (b. 1976)            PR
(acting)
22 Feb 2014 - 27 Feb 2014  Oleksandr Valentynovych Turchynov  (s.a.)               VOB
(2nd time)(acting)
27 Feb 2014 - 14 Apr 2016  Arseniy Petrovych Yatsenyuk        (b. 1974)            NF
24 Jul 2014 -  1 Aug 2014  Volodymyr Borysovych Groysman      (b. 1978)            Non-party
(Hroysman)(acting for Yatsenyuk)
14 Apr 2016 - 29 Aug 2019  Volodymyr Borysovych Groysman      (s.a.)               Non-party
29 Aug 2019 -  4 Mar 2020  Oleksiy Valeriyovych Honcharuk     (b. 1984)            SN
 4 Mar 2020 -              Denys Anatoliyovych Shmyhal        (b. 1975)            Non-party

Territorial Disputes: in 1997, Ukraine and Belarus signed a boundary delimitation treaty; the instruments of ratification were exchanged in 2013; a joint commission should be established to enable the actual demarcation to begin; hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Hungary to escape the Russian invasion in their country; hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Moldova to escape the Russian invasion in their country; Ukraine and Moldova signed an agreement officially delimiting their border in 1999, but the border has not been demarcated due to Moldova's difficulties with the break-away region of Transnistria; Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor transit of people and commodities through Moldova's Transnistria Region, which remains under the auspices of an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe-mandated peacekeeping mission comprised of Moldovan, Transnistrian, Russian, and Ukrainian troops; hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Poland to escape the Russian invasion in their country; hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Romania to escape the Russian invasion in their country, the ICJ in 2009 ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Șerpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia; tens of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Slovakia to escape the Russian invasion of their country.

Party abbreviations: BP = Blok Petra Poroshenka (Petro Poroshenko Bloc, center-right, liberal conservative, civic nationalist, pro-European, Petro Poroshenko personalist, 24 May 2019 renamed Yevropeys'ka Solidarnistʹ [European Solidarity], est.27 Aug 2014); Hromada = Vseukrayins'ke Ob'yednannya "Hromada" (All-Ukrainian Association "Community", social democratic, center-left, populist, est.12 Dec 1993); Ind = Independent; NDP = Narodno-Demokratychna Partiya (People's Democratic Party, centrist, social democratic, est.24 Feb 1996); NF = Narodnyy Front (People's Front, Ukrainian nationalist, conservative, pro-European, est.31 Mar 2014); NRU = Narodnyy Rukh Ukrayiny (People's Movement of Ukraine, "Rukh", center-right, liberal conservative, Ukrainian nationalist, pro-European, est.9 Feb 1990); NU = Narodnyy Soyuz "Nasha Ukraina" (People's Union "Our Ukraine", center-right, liberal conservative, pro-European, Viktor Yushchenko personalist, from Jul 2009 renamed Our Ukraine, est.5 Mar 2005); PPP = Partiya Promyslovtsiv i Pidpryyemtsiv Ukrayiny (Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs of Ukraine, centrist, est.9 Feb 2000); PR = Partiya Regioniv/Partiya Regionov (Party of Regions, regionalist, centrist, pro-Russia, Eurosceptic, 2001-05 pro-Kuchma, 2010-14 pro-Yanukovych, 1997-2001 named Partiya Regional'noho Vidrodzhennya Ukrayiny/Partiya Regional'nogo Vozrozhdeniya Ukrainy [Party Regional Revival of Ukraine], est.3 Mar 2001); SN = Sluha Narodu (Servant of the People, centrist, populist, anti-corruption, pro-European, est.2 Dec 2017); VOB = Vseukrayins'ke Ob'yednannya "Bat'kivshchyna" (All-Ukrainian Association "Fatherland", center-right, Ukrainian nationalist, liberal conservative, populist, pro-European, Yuliya Tymoshenko personalist, split from Hromada, est.9 Jul 1999);
- Former parties: KPU = Komunistychna Partiya Ukrayiny/Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Ukrainy (Communist Party of Ukraine, Marxist-Leninist communist, Eurosceptic, former KPU-B, 13 Oct 1952-26 Aug 1991, re-est.19 Jun 1993, banned by Ukraine 16 Dec 2015)

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Reichskommissariat Ukraine

22 Jun 1941                German invasion begins (Kiev taken 19 Sep 1941).
 1 Sep 1941                Reichskommissariat Ukraine is organized (by decree of 20 Aug 1941)
   (originally composed of former Kam'yanets'-Podil's'kiy, Rivne,
Vinnytsia, Volyn, and parts of Ternopil', Brest and Pinsk
oblasti).
20 Oct 1941                Former Kiev, Vinnytsya, Zhytomyr, and parts of Homel' and Poliss'ye
oblasti included.
15 Nov 1941                Former Cherkasy, Dnipropetrovs'k, Kirovohrad, and Mykolayiv oblasti
   included.
 1 Sep 1942                Former Kherson, Poltava, and Zaporizhya oblasti included.
21 Jan 1943                Most of the Reichskommissariat (except General Districts of
Wolhynien-Podolien and Shitomir) subject to German military
   administration (see under Soviet Union) by decree.
1943 - 1944                Soviet re-occupation of Ukraine (Dnipropetrovs'k liberated on
30 Sep 1943, Kiev on 6 Nov 1943, Rivne 2 Feb 1944, Kherson
13 Mar 1944, Proskurov [now Khmel'nyts'kiy] 26 Mar 1944,
and Mykolayiv 28 Mar 1944).
25 Feb 1944 -  3 Jul 1944  Inclusion of the reminder of Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Brest,
   Pinsk) into the Generalbezirk Weissruthenien (see Belarus), the
   Reichskommissariat Ukraine exists in name only to 10 Nov 1944.

German Commander-in-chief of the Army Group South (Heeresgruppe Süd)
22 Jun 1941 -  1 Sep 1941  Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (b. 1875 - d. 1953)  Mil
Reichskommissar für die Ukraine
 1 Sep 1941 - 25 Feb 1944  Erich Koch                     (b. 1896 - d. 1986)  NSDAP
        (remained mainly in Königsberg, Germany)
Sep 1941 – af.Apr 1942     Helmuth von Wedelstädt         (b. 1902 – d. 1988)  NSDAP
        (acting for absent Koch)
bf.Nov 1942 – 30 Sep 1943  Paul Dargel    (b. 1903 – d.af.1945)NSDAP
        (acting for absent Koch)

Party abbreviation: NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party, German nationalist, Nazi fascist, xenophobic, 1920-1945)

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Transnistria

 3 Aug 1941 - 10 Apr 1944  Ukraine between the Dniester and Bug Rivers, including Odessa
       (Odesa) and the Transnitria region of Moldavian S.S.R., is
occupied but not annexed by Romania.
19 Aug 1941 - 10 Apr 1944  Organized as Transnistria Governorate (Guvernământul
Transnistriei); on 8 Aug 1941 Tiraspol occupied, Odessa
occupied on 16 Oct 1941.
10 Apr 1944                Odessa liberated by Soviet forces. 

Romanian Commanders (of the Romanian 4th Army)
 3 Aug 1941 -  9 Sep 1941  Nicolae Ciupercă                   (b. 1882 - d. 1950)  Mil 
 9 Sep 1941 - 16 Oct 1941  Iosif Iacobici                     (b. 1884 - d. 1952)  Mil 
Governors of Transnistria
19 Aug 1941 -  1 Feb 1944  Gheorghe Alexianu     (b. 1897 - d. 1946)  Mil 
 1 Feb 1944 - 10 Apr 1944  Gheorghe Potopeanu                 (b. 1889 - d. 1966)  Mil

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Galicia

Map of Galicia (1914) and Galicia (1809)	Capital: Lemberg (L'viv, Lwów)	Currency: 1892-1918 Austro-Hungarian Kronen (ATK); 1918-1919 Hryvnya (UAG)	Population: 8,025,675 (1910) 4,555,477 (1851) 2,600,000 (1773 est.)
Ethnic groups: Polish 58.55%, Ruthenian (Ukrainian) 40.2%, German 1.13 %, Czech/Slovak 0.11% (1910) (Jews distributed by language spoken)	Religions: Roman Catholic 46.5%, Greek Catholic 42.1%, Jews 11.1%, Evangelical Protestant 0.5% (1910)

c.875          Local tribal princes of the White Croats recorded for the first time.
96.       Annexed by the Grand Principality of Rus' (see under Ukraine).
972 - 981      Under the Polish rule.
1141       Principality of Galich, within the Grand Principality of Rus’.
1199 - 19 Jun 1205         Principality of Galich and Vladimir ("Vladimir" in the name refers
to the main city of Volhynia, 'Vladimir-Volynskiy', called in Latin 'Lodomeria'), later referred to as Galicia-Volyhnia by historians.
1201/1204                  The Prince of Galich and Vladimir twice seizes Kiev.
19 Jun 1205 - 1254         Divided into the principalities of Galich and Vladimir. 1214 - 1221                Galich annexed by Hungary, proclaimed as the (nominal) Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.
Feb 1241                   Invaded by the Mongols (Galich destroyed).    
1243 - 1254                Under the Mongol suzerainty.
1254           Prince of Galich and Vladimir crowned by the Papal legate as King of Rus', independent from the Grand Prince of Vladimir (in the modern day Russia) and the Mongols.
1264           Crowning of kings ceased (except in 1305); from 1274 tribute to
the Mongols (Golden Horde) restored, but the country continued
to be referred to as the Kingdom of Rus' until 1340.
1272          Capital moved to L'vov (Lwów).
1340          Under the Lithuanian suzerainty.
1349           Divided between Poland (acquired Galicia) and Lithuania (acquired Volhynia), the King of Poland adopted style of the Russian King (used until 1358, afterwards the Russian Lord); the principality of Volhynia existed as a Lithuanian fief until 1452.
1372 - 1387                Galicia (as the Russian Kingdom) granted by Poland to Hungary.
1434          Russian (Ruski) Voivodship within Poland Galicia fully incorporated into Poland, later known also as Red Ruthenia (Chervonnaya Rus').
 5 Aug 1772                Parts of Lesser Poland (Małopolska) and Red Ruthenia (Ruś Czerwona) annexed by Austria in the First Partition of Poland.
30 Sep 1773                Galicia formally ceded to Austria by Austro-Polish treaty. 18 Nov 1773 Province named the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria with the      Duchies of Auschwitz and Zator created (Königreich Galizien und
                             Lodomerien mit den Herzogtümern Auschwitz und Zator), with the      ruler of Austria adopting the additional style of König/Königin                von Galizien und Lodomerien und Herzog/Herzogin zu Auschwitz und                Zator ("King/Queen of Galicia and Lodomeria and Duke/Duchess of
Auschwitz and Zator").
 1 Nov 1786 -  8 Mar 1849  Bukovina incorporated into Galicia.
 1 Nov 1803 - 14 Oct 1809  West Galicia (see under Poland) incorporated into Galicia.
Jun 1809 - Oct 1809        Lwów and some other parts of Galicia occupied by Russia. 14 Oct 1809                West Galicia is ceded to the Duchy of Warsaw, and the area around      Tarnopol (Tarnopoler Kreis) is ceded to Russia, by the Treaty      of Schönbrunn (ratified 20 Oct 1809).
25 Aug 1815                New Style calendar re-introduced in re-incorporated parts.
30 Aug 1815                Tarnopoler Kreis, etc. reverts to Austria by Austro-Russian treaty

                        (administered by imperial Landes-Commissariat to 1 Nov 1815).

16 Nov 1846                Cracow Free City annexed by Austria is incorporated into Galicia. 21 Mar 1848 -  2 Nov 1848  Polish rebellion in Galicia.  4 Mar 1849 - 15 Nov 1849  Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, with the Duchies of Auschwitz      and Zator and the Grand Duchy of Cracow (Königreich Galizien und                Lodomerien, mit den Herzogtümern Auschwitz und Zator und dem      Grossherzogtum Krakau) a crownland of Austria (not effected),
29 Sep 1850                Imperial patent grants a constitution (cancelled 31 Dec 1851).
 1 Sep 1860 -  9 Mar 1861  Bukovina subordinated to Galicia. 30 Oct 1860                Granted autonomy by imperial diploma (not effected). 26 Feb 1861                Partially autonomous. 
 6 Apr 1861                Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria together with the Grand Duchy                of Cracow (Königreich Galizien und Lodomerien samt dem                Grossherzogtum Krakau), made a crownland of Austria.
21 Dec 1867                Part of "Austrian half" of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (i.e. of        the "Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Diet").  5 Sep 1914 - 14 Jul 1915  Russian occupation of most of Galicia (in Lemberg [Lwów] 3 Sep 1914 - 22 Jun 1915 and Premissel [Przemyśl] 22 Mar - 3 Jul 1915)
which is organized as the General Government of Occupied Austro- Hungarian Provinces (Galicia and Bukovina).  4 Oct 1916 -  2 Aug 1917  Russian re-occupation of Tarnopol and some other parts of Galicia.
 1 Nov 1918                Former Austrian crownland of Galicia and Lodomeria is divided        between Ukraine and Poland. Kraków/Cracow and part of Galicia      West of the San River (incl. Nowy Sącz/Neu Sandez, Oświęcim/ Auschwitz, Przemyśl/Premissel, Tarnów/Tarnau and Zator/ Neuenstadt) are incorporated into Poland - while that part of
       Galicia East of the San River (incl. L'viv/Lwów, Ternopil'/ Tarnopol, Kolomyya/Kołomyja, and Stanyslaviv/Stanisławów)      become Western Ukraine.  1 Nov 1918 - May 1919     Part of Western Ukrainian People's Republic (see below).
30 Apr 1920                Western Ukraine annexed by Poland (formally recognized by Allied
Conference of Ambassadors on 12 Mar 1923).
 8 Jul 1920                Galician Revolutionary Committee (Galitskiy revolyutsionnyy                               komitet)("Galrevkom") formed in Kiev, Ukrainian S.S.R. in preparation for Soviet Russian rule over Galicia.
25 Jul 1920                Soviet Russian invasion, failing to gain Lemberg (L'viv).
26 Jul 1920 - 19 Sep 1920  Soviet Russia occupies Tarnopol' (Ternopil').  1 Aug 1920                Soviet power established in the parts of Galicia under Soviet
Russian occupation, to be provisionally administered by the
"Galrevkom" (Galician Socialist Soviet Republic [Galitskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika/Galicyjska
Socjalistyczna Republika Rad]).
15 Sep 1920                Galician S.S.R. government evacuates Ternopil'.
19 Sep 1920                Polish re-occupation of Tarnopol' (Ternopil').
23 Sep 1920                "Galrevkom" dissolved in exile, area re-occupied by Poland.
18 Mar 1921                Recognized as part of Poland by Poland-Soviet Russia-Ukraine            peace treaty (ratified 30 Apr 1921).
17-22 Sep 1939             Western Ukraine occupied and, from 1 Nov 1939, annexed
       by the Soviet Union (part of Ukrainian S.S.R.)
Note: Names are listed in Russian with Ukrainian in parentheses before 1349 using a modified BGN/PCGN romanization system. The Old East Slavic was not yet then divided into the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages.

Prince of Galich and Vladimir
1199 - 19 Jun 1205         Roman Mstislavich                  (b. c.1150 - d. 1205)
         (Roman Mstyslavych)
(from 1201, self-styled Grand Prince of all Rus')
1205 - 1254                divided into principalities of Galich and Vladimir
King of Rus' (full title: King of Rus', Prince of all Rus', Galich and Vladimir)
1254 - 1264                Daniil Romanovich     (b. 1201 - d. 1264)
(Danylo Romanovych)
   (grand prince of Kiev 1240-1241)
Princes of Galich and Vladimir (full title: Prince of all Rus', Galich and Vladimir)
1264 - 1301                Lev Danilovich                     (b. 1228 - d. 1301)
(Lev Danylovych)
1301 - 1305                Yuriy (Georgiy) L'vovich           (b. 1252 - d. 1308)
(Yuriy L'vovych)
King of Rus' (s.a.)
1305 - 24 Apr 1308         Yuriy (Georgiy) L'vovich           (s.a.)
(Yuriy L'vovych)
Princes of Galich and Vladimir (s.a.)
1308 - Jun 1323            Lev Yuryevich                      (d. 1323)
(Lev Yuriyovych)
1323 - 1325                Vladimir L'vovich                  (d. 1340)
(Volodymyr L'vovych)
1325 - 21 Mar 1340         Yuriy Troydenovich (Bolesław)      (b. 1308 - d. 1340)
(Yuriy Troydenovych)
1340 - 1349                Dmitriy Gediminovich (Liubartas)   (b. 1299 - d. 1383)
(Dmytro Gedyminovych)
Captains of the Russian Land (title in Polish: Starosta)
bf.1352 - 1358             Abraham z Baranowa                 (d. 136.)
1359 - 1368                Otton z Pilczy (Otto Pilecki)      (b. c.1320 - d. 1385)
1369 - 1372                Jan Kmita z Wiśnicza               (b. c.1330 - d. 1376)
Stadholder of the Russian Land (with title of Lord, in Latin: Terre Russie Dominus)
1372 - 1379                Władysław Opolczyk (1st time)      (b. 1326/32 - d. 1401)
     (duke of Silesia-Opole)
Captains of the Russian Land (title in Polish: Starosta)
1379 - 1381                Jan ze Sprowy        (d. 1395/98)
1381 - 1382                András
1382 - 1383                János Kaplai
1383 - 1385                Imre Bebek           (d. 1395)
Stadholder of the Russian Land (see title above)
1385 - 1387                Władysław Opolczyk (2nd time)      (s.a.)
Captains-general of the Russian Land (title in Polish: Starosta Generalny)
1387 - 1393                Jan z Tarnowa (1st time)           (b. bf.1349 - d. 1409)
1393        Gniewosz z Dalewicz                (d. 1406)
1394 - 1404                Jan z Tarnowa (2nd time)           (s.a.)
1404 - 1407                Vacant
1407 - 1411                Florian z Korytnicy                (d. af.1430)
1411 - 1421                Iwan z Obiechowa    (d. 1437)
1421        Piotr z Melsztyna
1422 - 1425                Spytek z Tarnowa      (b. c.1367 - d. 1435)
1425 - 1427                Piotr Włodkowicz
1427 - 1431                Jan Mężyk z Dąbrowy            (b. c.1370 - d. 1437)
1431 - 1439                Wincenty Świdwa z Szamotuł         (d. 1444)
Governors (Landes-Gouverneure)
 4 Oct 1772 - 24 Jan 1774  Johann Anton Graf von Pergen       (b. 1725 - d. 1814)
24 Jan 1774 - May 1774     Andreas Graf von Hadik             (b. 1710 - d. 1790)
(= András gróf Hadik futaki)
May 1774 - Jun 1780        Heinrich Joseph Graf von Auersperg (b. 1721 - d. 1793)
Jun 1780 - Oct 1794        Joseph Graf von Brigido            (b. 1733 - d. 1817)
Apr 1794 - Oct 1794        Joseph Siegmund Graf von Gallenberg(b. 1751 - d. 1800)
(acting for Brigido)
Oct 1794 - Aug 1795        Joseph Graf von Mailath            (b. 1737 - d. 1810)
               (= József gróf Mailáth székhelyi)
Aug 1795 - Nov 1795        Joseph Siegmund Graf von Gallenberg(s.a.)
(acting)
Nov 1795 - 21 Jan 1801     Johann Jakob Graf von Gaisruck     (b. 1739 - d. 1801)
Feb 1801 - Aug 1801        Joseph Franz de Paula Graf von     (b. 1756 - d. 1823)
  Sweerts-Spork (acting)
Sep 1801 - Jul 1806        Joseph Graf von und zu Urményi     (b. 1741 - d. 1825)
  (József gróf Ürményi)  
Jul 1806 -  3 Apr 1810     Christian Graf von Wurmser         (b. 1768 - d. 1844)
(acting to 27 Mar 1809)
27 Mar 1809 - 13 Jun 1809  Franz Adam Mitscha                 (b. 1746 - d. 1811)
(acting for absent Wurmser)
13 Jun 1809 - Dec 1809     Ernst von Kortum                   (b. 1746 - d. 1811)
(acting for absent Wurmser)
Jun 1809 - Oct 1809        Knyaz' Dmitriy Ivanovich Lobanov-  (b. 1758 - d. 1838)
Rostovskiy
(Russian commandant of Lwów)
Apr 1810 -  3 Apr  1810    Georg Oechsner (Öchsner)           (b. 1757 - d. 1829)
(acting for absent Wurmser)
 3 Apr 1810 - Apr 1815     Peter Graf von Goëss               (b. 1774 - d. 1846)
Apr 1815 - Aug 1815        Georg Ritter von Oechsner          (s.a.)
26 May 1815 – 22 May 1816  Ferdinand Friedrich August Herzog  (b. 1763 - d. 1834)
   von Würtemberg (did not take office)
President of the Province (Gubernial-Präsident)
Aug 1815 - 30 Sep 1817     Franz Seraph Freiherr von Hauer    (b. 1777 - d. 1822)
30 Aug 1815 -  1 Nov 1815  Aloys Ritter von Stutterheim
(Landes-Commissär Tarnopoler Kreis)
Governors
30 Sep 1817 - 25 Nov 1822  Franz Seraph Freiherr von Hauer    (s.a.)
25 Nov 1822 - 1822         Franz Freiherr Krieg von           (b. 1776 - d. 1856)
Hochfelden (acting)  
1822 - 2. Mar 1823         Ádám Reviczky de Revisnye          (b. 1786 - d. 1862)
(revisnyi) (acting)
 2. Mar 1823 - Aug 1826    Ludwig Graf von Taaffe             (b. 1791 - d. 1855)
Aug 1826 - Sep 1832        August Longin Fürst von Lobkowitz, (b. 1797 - d. 1842)
         Herzog zu Raudnitz, Gefürsteter
Graf zu Sternstein
Presidents of the Province Government in Galicia
(Präsident des Landesguberniums in Galizien)
12 Oct 1832 - Jul 1847     Franz Freiherr Krieg von           (b. 1776 - d. 1856)
Hochfelden
Jul 1847 -  1 Aug 1847     Leopold Graf Lazansky Freiherr     (b. 1808 - d. 1860)
von Bukowa
(Leopold hrabě Lažanský svobodný pán z Bukové)
Governors
 1 Aug 1847 - Jul 1848     Franz Seraph Stadion Graf von      (b. 1806 - d. 1853)
Warthausen und Thannhausen
14 Apr 1848 -  2 Nov 1848  Aleksander Konstanty Batowski      (b. 1799 - d. 1862)
(chairman of Polish Central National Council; in rebellion)
Jul 1848 -  8 Aug 1848     Agenor Romuald Onufry Graf         (b. 1812 - d. 1875)
Gołuchowski z Gołuchowa (acting) 
 8 Aug 1848 - 31 Jan 1849  Wenzeslaw Ritter von Zaleski       (b. 1799 - d. 1849)
(Wacław Michał Zaleski)
Landes-Chef           
 1 Feb 1849 -  9 Oct 1850  Agenor Romuald Onufry Graf         (s.a.)
Gołuchowski z Gołuchowa 
Statthalter (Namiestnicy)
 9 Oct 1850 - Aug 1859     Agenor Romuald Onufry Graf         (s.a.)
Gołuchowski z Gołuchowa (1st time) 
Aug 1859 - Dec 1859        Joseph Freiherr von Kalchberg      (b. 1801 - d. 1882)
(acting)
Dec 1859 - Jun 1861        Karl Ritter von Mosch (1st time)   (b. 1806 - d. 1885)
(acting)
Jun 1861 - 27 Oct 1864     Alexander Constantin Albert Graf   (b. 1813 - d. 1871)
Mensdorff-Pouilly (1st time)
13 Oct 1864 - Nov 1864     Karl Ritter von Mosch (2nd time)   (s.a.)
(acting)
29 Nov 1864 - 26 Sep 1866  Franz Xaver Maria Aloys Freiherr   (b. 1811 - d. 1866)
von Paumgartten
26 Sep 1866 - 20 Oct 1868  Agenor Romuald Onufry Graf         (s.a.) 
               Gołuchowski z Gołuchowa (2nd time)
20 Oct 1868 - 25 Jul 1871  Ludwig Ritter Possinger von        (b. 1823 - d. 1905)
  Choborski (from Oct 1870, Ludwig
               Freiherr Possinger von Choborski)
25 Jul 1871 -  3 Aug 1875  Agenor Romuald Onufry Graf         (s.a.) 
               Gołuchowski z Gołuchowa (3rd time)
25 May 1875 -  1 Dec 1875  .... (acting for Gołuchowski)
 1 Dec 1875 - Aug 1883     Alfred Józef Marian Graf Potocki   (b. 1822 - d. 1889)
z Podhajec (1st time) 
Aug 1883 - 23 Oct 1888     Filip Krzysztof Artur Zaleski z    (b. 1836 - d. 1911)
              Otoka 
23 Oct 1888 - Nov 1888     Hermann Ritter von Loebl (acting)  (b. 1835 - d. 1907)
Nov 1888 - 29 Sep 1895     Kazimierz Feliks Graf Badeni       (b. 1846 - d. 1909)
29 Sep 1895 - 28 Oct 1895  Johann Ritter von Lidl (1st time)
(acting)
28 Oct 1895 -  7 Apr 1898  Eustachy Stanisław Fürst           (b. 1842 - d. 1903)
Sanguszko Kowelski 
 7 Apr 1898 - 16 Jun 1903  Leon Graf Piniński                 (b. 1857 - d. 1938)
16 Jun 1903 - 18 Jun 1903  Johann Ritter von Lidl (2nd time)
(acting)
18 Jun 1903 - 12 Apr 1908  Andrzej Kazimierz Graf Potocki     (b. 1861 - d. 1908)
z Podhajec (2nd time)
12 Apr 1908 -  3 May 1908  Włodzimierz Adam Graf Łoś z        (b. 1847 - d. 1911)
Grodkowa (acting)
 3 May 1908 - 24 May 1913  Michał Hieronim Bobrzyński         (b. 1849 - d. 1935)  
24 May 1913 - 20 Aug 1915  Witold von Korytowski z Korytowa   (b. 1850 - d. 1923)  
20 Aug 1915 -  8 Apr 1916  Hermann von Colard                 (b. 1857 - d. 1916)    
 8 Apr 1916 -  3 May 1916  Stanisław Francuszek Ritter        (b. 1865 - d. 1943) 
Grodzicki z Grodziska (acting)
 3 May 1916 - Mar 1917     Erich Heinrich Friedrich Wilderich (b. 1859 - d. 1926) 
                             Freiherr von Diller 
Mar 1917 -  1 Nov 1918     Karl Georg Otto Maria Graf Huyn    (b. 1857 - d. 1938) 
 1 Nov 1918  (hours)       Wołodymyr Decykiewicz (Decykevich) (b. 1865 - d. 1949)
(acting)
Russian Governors-General (from 22 Apr 1917, Kray Commissioners of the Provisional
Government) of the Occupied Austro-Hungarian Provinces (Galicia and Bukovina) 
 5 Sep 1914 - 14 Jul 1915  Graf Georgiy Aleksandrovich        (b. 1863 - d. 1928)  Mil
Bobrinskiy
 4 Oct 1916 - 31 Mar 1917  Fyodor Fyodorovich Trepov          (b. 1854 - d. 1938)  Mil
31 Mar 1917 - 22 Apr 1917  Nikolay Nikolayevich Usov (acting) (b. 1866 - d. 1920)  Mil
22 Apr 1917 -  2 Aug 1917  Dmitriy Ivanovich Doroshenko       (b. 1882 - d. 1951)  UPSF
(= Dmytro Ivanovych Doroshenko)
Commissioner General for Galicia of the Regency Council of the Polish Kingdom
 1 Nov 1918 - Jan 1919     Witold Leon książę Czartoryski     (b. 1864 - d. 1945)  Non-party
Soviet Russian Military Commander (of the 14th Army of the Southwestern Front) 
26 Jul 1920 -  1 Aug 1920  Mikhail Vasilyevich Molkochanov    (b. 1877 - d. 1924)  Mil
Chairman of the Galician Revolutionary Committee ("Galrevkom")(in rebellion)
 1 Aug 1920 - 19 Sep 1920  Vladimir Petrovich Zatonskiy       (b. 1888 - d. 1938)  RKP
(= Volodymyr Petrovych Zatons'kyy)
(in Kiev exile to 23 Sep 1920)

Provisor and Captain of the Russian Land (chief of the state administration)
1340 - 1349                Dmitriy Det'ko (Dmytro Det'ko)     (d. 1349)
Landmarschälle/Marszałkowie krajowi
15 Apr 1861 -  2 Apr 1875  Leon Ludwik Fürst Sapieha-Kodeński (b. 1803 - d. 1878)   
 2 Apr 1875 -  1 Dec 1875  Alfred Józef Marian Graf Potocki   (s.a.)
z Podhajec
 1 Dec 1875 -  7 Mar 1876  Oktaw Pietruski z Siemuszowy       (b. 1820 - d. 1894)  Con
(1st time) (acting)  
 7 Mar 1876 - Apr 1877     Włodzimierz Graf Dzieduszycki z    (b. 1825 - d. 1899)
Dzieduszyc  
Apr 1877 -  8 Aug 1877     Oktaw Pietruski z Siemuszowy       (s.a.) Con
(2nd time) (acting) 
 8 Aug 1877 - Jan 1881     Ludwik Graf Wodzicki z Granowa     (b. 1834 - d. 1894)  Con   
Jan 1881 -  9 Feb 1881     Oktaw Pietruski z Siemuszowy       (s.a.) Con
(3rd time) (acting)  
 9 Feb 1881 - 28 Nov 1886  Mikołaj Zyblikiewicz               (b. 1823 - d. 1887)  Con   
22 Nov 1886 - 28 Nov 1886  Oktaw Pietruski z Siemuszowy       (s.a.) Con
(4th time) (acting)  
28 Nov 1886 - 14 Oct 1890  Jan Dzierżysław Graf Tarnowski z   (b. 1835 - d. 1898)  Con?
Tarnowa 
14 Oct 1890 - Oct 1895     Eustachy Stanisław Fürst           (s.a.)               Con
Sanguszko Kowelski 
Oct 1895 -  8 Nov 1895     Antoni Chamiec (1st time) (acting) (b. 1840 - d. 1908)  Con   
 8 Nov 1895 - 11 Oct 1901  Stanisław Marcin Graf Badeni       (s.a.)               Con
(1st time)   
11 Oct 1901 - 12 Oct 1901  Antoni Chamiec (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)               Con     
12 Oct 1901 - Jun 1903     Andrzej Kazimierz Graf Potocki     (s.a.) Con
z Podhajec
Jun 1903 -  3 Jul 1903     Tadeusz Zygmunt Pilat (1st time)   (b. 1844 - d. 1923)  Con
(acting)
 3 Jul 1903 - 19 Jun 1912  Stanisław Marcin Graf Badeni       (s.a.)               Con
(2nd time)
1912 - 19 Jun 1912         Tadeusz Zygmunt Ritter Pilat       (s.a.)               Con
(acting for Badeni)  
19 Jun 1912 - 15 Apr 1914  Adam Maria Stanisław Graf          (b. 1855 - d. 1914)  Con   
Gołuchowski z Gołuchowa
15 Apr 1914 - 17 May 1914  Tadeusz Zygmunt Ritter Pilat       (s.a.)               Con
(2nd time) (acting)
17 May 1914 -  1 Nov 1918  Stanisław Jakub Ritter von         (b. 1860 - d. 1941)  Con?   
Niezabitowski

Ministers of State for Galicia (in Vienna)
(Staatsminister für Galizien [Ministrowie ds. Galicji])
11 Apr 1871 - 22 Nov 1871  Kazimierz Grocholski (acting)      (b. 1815 - d. 1888)
25 Nov 1871 - 21 Apr 1873  Joseph Unger (acting)              (b. 1828 - d. 1913)  Lib
21 Apr 1873 - 11 Oct 1888  Florian Ziemiałkowski              (b. 1817 - d. 1900)  Con
(from 1880, Florian Freiherr Ziemiałkowski)
11 Oct 1888 - 12 Nov 1892  Filip Zaleski                      (b. 1836 - d. 1911)
12 Nov 1892 - 11 Nov 1893  Vacant
11 Nov 1893 - 29 Sep 1895  Apolinary Jaworski                 (b. 1825 - d. 1904)
29 Sep 1895 - 17 Jan 1897  Leon von Biliński (acting)         (b. 1846 - d. 1923)  Con
17 Jan 1896 - 30 Nov 1897  Edward Rittner                     (b. 1845 - d. 1899)
30 Nov 1897 - 16 Dec 1897  Vacant
16 Dec 1897 -  5 Mar 1898  Hermann Adolf Freiherr von Loebl   (b. 1835 - d. 1907)
 5 Mar 1898 -  2 Oct 1899  Adam Jędrzejowicz                  (b. 1847 - d. 1924)
 2 Oct 1899 - 18 Jan 1900  Kazimierz Chłędowski               (b. 1843 - d. 1920)
19 Jan 1900 - 28 May 1906  Leonard Piętak                     (b. 1841 - d. 1909)
 2 Jun 1906 -  9 Nov 1907  Wojciech Graf Dzieduszycki         (b. 1848 - d. 1909)  Con
 9 Nov 1907 -  3 Mar 1909  Dawid Abrahamowicz                 (b. 1839 - d. 1926)  Con
 3 Mar 1909 -  9 Jan 1911  Władysław Dulęba                   (b. 1851 - d. 1930)  PSD
 9 Jan 1911 - 19 Nov 1911  Wacław Zaleski                     (b. 1868 - d. 1913)  Con
19 Nov 1911 - 28 Dec 1913  Władysław Długosz                  (b. 1864 - d. 1937)  PSL
28 Dec 1913 -  2 Jan 1914  Vacant
 2 Jan 1914 - 21 Oct 1916  Zdzisław Morawski                  (b. 1855 - d. 1928)
31 Oct 1916 - 23 Jun 1917  Michał Hieronim Bobrzyński         (s.a.)               LPP
23 Jun 1917 - 25 Jul 1918  Juliusz von Twardowski-Skrzypna    (b. 1874 - d. 1945)
26 Jul 1918 -  1 Nov 1918  Kazimierz Ritter von Gałecki       (b. 1863 - d. 1941)

Party abbreviations: Con = Conservative; Lib = Liberal; LPP = Liga Państwowości Polskiej (Polish Statehood, League, supported equal status with Austria-Hungary for Galicia, 1915-1918); PSD = Polskie Stronnictwo Demokratyczna (Polish Democratic Party, liberal, 1861-1918); PSL = Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (Polish People's [Peasant] Party, agrarian, Polish nationalist, 3 Feb 1903-1 Feb 1914, split into PSL-P and [from 6 Dec 1915] PSL-W); RKP = Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bolshevikov)(Russian Communist Party [Bolsheviks], Marxist-Leninist communist, former RSDRP-B, 8 Mar 1918 - 31 Dec 1925, renamed Vsesoyuznaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bolshevikov)[All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]); UPSF = Ukrayins'ka Partiya Sotsialistiv-Federalistiv (Ukrainian Party of Socialist Federalists, 7 Apr 1917-1923, renamed 1923-1939 as Ukrainian Radical Democratic Party); Mil = military

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Western Ukraine

Map of Western Ukraine	National Anthem "Shche ne vmerla Ukrayina" (Ukraine has not Perished)(unofficial)	Population: 4,000,000 (1918 est.), 5,400,000 (1910)	Constitution (Temporary Fundamental Law)(13 Nov 1918; in Ukrainian)
Capital: L'viv (Lvov)	Currency: 1918-1919 Hryvnya (UAG)	Armed Forces: 30,000 (Dec 1918, Ukrainian Galician Army)	Ethnic groups: Ukrainian 60%, Polish 25%, Jewish 12%, German and other 3% (1918 est.)

 1 Aug 1914                Supreme Ukrainian Council (Holovna Ukrayin'ska Rada) organized in
             L'viv (Lvov) by the three main Galician parties.
 5 May 1915                Renamed the General Ukrainian Council (Zahal'na Ukrayin'ska Rada)
             in Vienna to support Ukrainian territories under Russian rule
             forming an independent Ukrainian state and the Ukrainian
territories under Austria-Hungary becoming an autonomous unified
             Ukrainian region.
18 Oct 1918                Ukrainian National Council (Ukrayins'ka Natsional'na Rada)
established.
 1 Nov 1918                Ukrainian state (Ukrayins'ka Derzhava), independence from Austria
             [Galicia]).
13 Nov 1918                Western Ukrainian People's Republic (Zakhidno-Ukrayins'ka Narodna
             Respublyka), claiming also Bukovina and Transcarpathia.
21 Nov 1918                Poland occupies L'viv, administration moves to Тernopil', then on
             1 Jan 1919 to Stanislaviv (modern Ivano-Frankivs'k).
21 Jan 1919                Western Ukraine attempted to occupy Transcarpathia (Ruthenia).
22 Jan 1919                Incorporation into Ukraine (as Western [Zahidna] oblast of the
             Ukrainian People's Republic), not fully effected (the Western
             Ukrainian government continued).
26 May 1919                Polish occupy Stanislaviv, the government flees to Kam'yanets'-
Podil's'kyy (reached in Jun 1919).
 9 Jun 1919                Petrushevych is given full powers in exile (on 16 Nov 1919 left
Ukraine for Vienna), subsequently styling himself "Dictator of
the West Ukrainian People's Republic," to 15 Mar 1923.
30 Apr 1920                Annexation by Poland, recognized by the Ukrainian People's
Republic.
12 Mar 1923                Allied Conference of Ambassadors recognizes Polish annexation.
17-22 Sep 1939             Western Ukraine occupied, and from 1 Nov 1939, annexed to Soviet
Union (part of Ukrainian S.S.R.)

President of the Supreme Ukrainian Council
(from 5 May 1915, General Ukrainian Council)
 1 Aug 1914 - 18 Oct 1918  Kostyantyn Antonovych Levyts'kyy   (b. 1859 - d. 1941)  UNDP
(= Konstantin Lewyckyj)
Presidents of the Ukrainian National Council
18 Oct 1918 -  1 Nov 1918  Kostyantyn Antonovych Levyts'kyy   (s.a.)               UNDP
 1 Nov 1918 -  9 Jun 1919  Yevhen Omelyanovych Petrushevych   (b. 1863 - d. 1940)  UNDP;1919
(= Jewhen Petruszewycz)     UNTP
(continues as Dictator in exile to 15 Mar 1923)

Chairmen of the State Secretariat (chief ministers)
 9 Nov 1918 -  4 Jan 1919  Kostyantyn Antonovych Levyts'kyy   (s.a.)               UNDP
 4 Jan 1919 -  9 Jun 1919  Sydir Tymofiyovych Holubovych      (b. 1873 - d. 1938)  UNDP;1919
   (= Isidor Holubowicz)                 UNTP

Party abbreviations: UNDP = Ukrayins'ka Natsional'na Demokratychna Partiya (Ukrainian National Democratic Party, centrist, Galicia regionalist, 26 Dec 1896-28 Mar 1919, renamed UNTP); UNTP = Ukrayins'ka Narodno-Trudova Partiya (Ukrainian People's Labor Party, former UNDP, 28 Mar 1919-11 Jul 1925, merged into UNDO)

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Lemko-Rusyn
  

 5 Dec 1918                Rusyn Supreme Council established in the Lemko Ruthenian [Rusyn]            region in the Polish part of Galicia by congress of 130 western            Lemko villages in Florynka. It is retrospectively referred to as
the "Ruthenian [Rusyn] People's Republic of the Lemkos" (Rus'ka
[Rusyns'ka] Narodna Republika Lemkiv)(this name without "Lemkiv"
         might have been used as official name), also described as the
"Lemko-Rusyn Republic."
Jan 1919                   Dissolved by Poland.
20 Apr 1919 With Russia out of reach, the Lemkos favor annexation to
Czechoslovakia (as part of Subcarpathian Rus).
12 Mar 1920                Rusyn Supreme Council and its Executive Committee established in
Lemko areas (by Second Congress of Lemko villages in Florynka).
Mar 1920                   Local Lemko administration suppressed by Poland.

Chairman of the Rusyn Supreme Council
 5 Dec 1918 - Jan 1919     Mikhail Osipovich Yurchakevich      (b. 1869 - d.af.1939)Non-party
(Mykhaylo Osypovych Yurchakevych)

Chairman of the Executive Committee of Rusyn Supreme Council
12 Mar 1920 - Mar 1920     Yaroslav Teofilovich Kachmarchik    (b. 1885 - d. 1944)  Non-party
  (Yaroslav Teofilovych Kachmarchyk
[= Jarosław Kaczmarczyk])

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Komancha

Map of Komancha

Capital: Komańcza (Wisłok Wielki de facto)

Population: c.18,000 (1919)

 4 Nov 1918                Accession of 35 eastern Lemko villages in Sanok (Syanik) County
   around Komancha to Western Ukraine is declared. In
retrospect this was called the "Komancha Republic"
(Komanchans'ka Republika), or sometimes "East Lemko Republic."
23 Jan 1919                Poland occupies Vyslik Velykyy (as Wisłok Wielki), local
administration is suppressed.
24 Jan 1919                Poland occupies Komancha (as Komańcza), area is incorporated
     into Poland (Syanik County named Sanok County).

Chairman of the the Main Board of the Ukrainian National Council
 4 Nov 1918 - 23 Jan 1919  Panteleymon Shpyl'ka               (b. 1883 - d. 1950)  Non-party
(Pantalejmon Szpylka) 

County Commissioner of Sanok (Syanik) County
 4 Nov 1918 - 23 Jan 1919  Hrihoriy "Hryts'" Sudomyr                 Non-party
(Grigoriy "Grisha" Sudomir)

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Podolia under Ottoman rule

27 Aug 1672                Turkish occupation of Podolia (capital: Kamieniec Podolski/
Kam'yanets'-Podil's'kyy) province (voivodship).
18 Oct 1672                Podolia, Bratslav and southern part of Kiev voivodeship ceded by
Poland to the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Buczacz (Buchach,
Bucaş) as Eyalet-i Kamaniçe (Podolia Eyalet).
17 Oct 1676                By the Treaty of Zurawno only Podolia and southern part of Bratslav
voivodship retained by the Ottoman Empire.
26 Jan 1699                By the Treaty of Karlowitz, Ottomans agree to restore Podolia and
   Bratslav to Poland.
22 Sep 1699                Ottomans evacuate Kamieniec Podolski/Kam'yanets'-Podil's'kyy. 

Governors (Beylerbeys)
 2 Sep 1672 - 1675/76      Köstendili Koca Halil Pasha        (b. c.1620 - d. 1685)
(1st time) 
1675/76 - Sep 1677         Arnavut Uzun Ibrahim Pasha         (b. 165. - d. 1683
Sep 1677 - 680             Köstendili Koca Halil Pasha        (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1680 - 1682                Defterdar Ahmet Pasha              (d. 1683)
1682 -  4 Jan 1685         Arnavut Abdurrahman Abdi Pasha     (b. c.1605 - d. 1686)
Dec 1684                   Tokatli Mahmud Pasha               (b. 1639/40 - d. 1684)
Feb/Mar 1685 - 11 May 1686 Biyikli Silahdar Mustafa Pasha     (d. 1698)
25 May 1686 - 1688         Bosnali Sari Hüseyn Pasha          (d. af.1690)
1688 - Jan 1689            Yegen Ahmet                        (d. 1689)
Jan 1689 - 22 Sep 1699     Mustafa Ibrahim oglu Kahraman Bey

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Bukovina

Map of Bukovina	Capital: Czernowitz (Chernivtsi, Cernăuți)	Currency: 1892-1918 Austro-Hungarian Kronen (ATK)	Population: 800,198 (1910) 184,718 (1851) 228,508 (1820) 86,000 (1775)
Ethnic groups: Ukrainian 38%, Romanian 34%, Jewish 13%, German 8%, Polish 5%, Hungarian 1%, other 1% (1910)	Religions: Orthodox 69%, Roman Catholic 15%, Jewish 13%, Protestant 3% (1900)

1359           Part of the Principality of Moldavia.
31 Aug 1774                Occupied by Austria.
 7 May 1775                Ceded to Austria by Ottoman Empire (confirmed by peace treaty
ratified 13 Aug 1791).
 2 Jul 1776                Boundaries defined by Austrian-Ottoman convention.
12 Oct 1777                Formal submission of the population.
 1 Nov 1786 -  8 Mar 1849  Amalgamated with Galicia (see above) as Bukovina district
               (Bukowiner Kreis; also in semi-official use Czernowitzer Kreis).
 1 Nov 1790                Autonomous in name (patent cancelled 13 Apr 1817).
 8 Mar 1849                Separate Austrian crownland as the Duchy of Bukovina
(Herzogtum Bukowina [Bucowina]), with the ruler of Austria
  adopting the style Herzog der Bukowina ("Duke of Bukovina").
13 Mar 1849                Kreisamt made separate state authority (Landesbehörde)
provisionally.
29 Sep 1849 Imperial patent grants a constitution (cancelled 31 Dec 1851).
29 May 1854                Fully separated from Galicia.
 1 Sep 1860 - 26 Mar 1861  Subordinated to Galicia.
28 Feb 1861                Autonomous.
21 Dec 1867                Part of "Austrian half" of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
(i.e. of the "Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial 
Diet").
30 Aug 1914                Austria evacuates Czernowitz.
31 Aug 1914 - 21 Oct 1914  Russians occupy Czernowitz under Aleksey Alekseyevich Brusilov
(b. 1853 - d. 1826) (all Russian occupations 1914-1917
subject to the Government-General of Occupied Provinces
[see under Galicia]).
 2 Nov 1914 - 26 Nov 1914  Austria re-occupies Czernowitz.
26 Nov 1914 - 17 Feb 1915  Russia re-occuppies Czernowitz.
17 Feb 1915 - 18 Jun 1916  Austria again re-occupies Czernowitz.
18 Jun 1916 -  3 Aug 1917  Russia again re-occuppies Czernowitz under Platon Alekseyevich
Lechitskiy (b. 1856 - d. 1921).
 3 Aug 1917                Austrian adminstration restored.
 6 Nov 1918                Ukrainian-Romanian joint administration.
11 Nov 1918                Romanian intervention.
12 Nov 1918                Independence from Austria; Northern Bukovina (Czernowitz) votes
to join Ukraine, while Southern Bukovina votes to join Romania.
28 Nov 1918                Union with Romania proclaimed.
31 Dec 1918                All of Bukovina incorporated into Romania.
27 Jun 1940                Northern Bukovina annexed by Soviet Union (as part of Ukrainian
S.S.R.).
25 Jun 1941                Occupied by Germany and Romania.
 5 Jul 1941 - 29 Mar 1944  Northern Bukovina re-incorporated into Romania as Bukovina
   governorate (Guvernământul Bucovinei).
29 Mar 1944                Occupied by Soviet Union.
15 Sep 1947                Re-incorporation of Northern Bukovina into Ukrainian S.S.R.
(as part of Soviet Union; de facto from 29 Mar 1944).

Provincial Administrators (Landes-Administratoren)
 1 Oct 1774 -  6 Apr 1778  Gabriel Freiherr Splény de Miháldy (b. 1734 - d. 1818)
(Gábor báró Splény miháldi)
(Austrian commander to 30 Sep 1774)
 6 Apr 1778 - 31 Oct 1786  Karl Freiherr von Enzenberg zum    (b. c.1725 - d. 1810)
   Freyen und Jöchelsthurm
Kreishauptleute
 1 Nov 1786 - 1792         Joseph von Beck
1792 - 1803                Basil Freiherr von Balsch          (b. 1756 - d. 1832)
(Vasile baron de Balş)
1803 - 1805                Franz von Schreiber
16 Aug 1805 - 1806         Franz Adam Mitscha                 (b. 1746 - d. 1811)
1806 - 1807                .... (acting)
1807 - Oct 1817            Johann Edler von Platzer   
Oct 1817 - Feb 1823        Aloys Ritter von Stutterheim
Feb 1823 - Aug 1823        Johann Rudolph Ambros von
Rechtenberg (acting)
Aug 1823 - Aug 1833        Joseph Ambros Malczek
(Malltschek, Malltzeck)
Aug 1833 -  9 Jan 1838     Franz Kratter          (b. c.1760 - d. 1838)
 9 Jan 1838 - Apr 1838     Cajetan Fickelscheer (acting)
Apr 1838 - Dec 1840        Casimir Ritter von Milbacher       (b. 1784 - d. 1865)
Dec 1840 - Feb 1849        Georg Issetscheskul                (b. 1780 - d. 1860)
(Issecescul, Isseczeskul)
(Gheorghe Isăcescul)
Landeschefs
Feb 1849 - Jul 1849        Eduard Bach (provisional)          (b. 1815 - d. 1884)
Jul 1849 -  6 Mar 1853     Adalbert Freiherr Henniger von     (b. 1807 - d. 1873)
Seeberg (provisional)
Landespräsidenten
 6 Mar 1853 - 27 Nov 1857  Franz von Schmück                  (b. 1797 - d. 1862)
 (from 22 Apr 1854, Franz Freiherr von Schmück)
(provisional to 29 May 1854)
27 Nov 1857 - 18 Feb 1858  .... (acting)
18 Feb 1858 - 31 Aug 1860  Karl Graf von Rothkirch und Panthen(b. 1807 - d. 1870)
Kreishauptmann 
 1 Sep 1860 - 26 Mar 1861  Jakob Ritter von Mikuli            (b. c.1815 - d. 1872)
Landeschefs
26 Mar 1861 - May 1862     Wenzel Ritter von Martina          (b. 1806 - d. 1873)
31 May 1862 - Nov 1865     Rudolf Graf von Amadei             (b. 1814 - d. 1898)
Nov 1865 - Aug 1868        Franz Xaver Ritter Myrbach von     (b. 1818 - d. 1882) 
Rheinfeld
Landespräsidenten
Aug 1868 -  6 Sep 1870     Franz Xaver Ritter von             (s.a.) 
Rheinfeld
20 Aug 1870 - 30 Oct 1870  Joseph Ritter Ettmayer von         (b. 1807 - d. 1884)
Adelsburg (acting)    
30 Oct 1870 - 20 Jul 1874  Felix Freiherr von Pino            (b. 1825 - d. 1906)
Friedenthal (1st time)
20 Jul 1874 - 17 Aug 1874  Adolph Pauli (acting)
17 Aug 1874 -  8 Feb 1887  Hieronymus Freiherr von Alesani    (b. 1837 - d. 1887)
 8 Feb 1887 - 22 Feb 1887  Eduard Strasser (acting)  
22 Feb 1887 -  1 Aug 1890  Felix Freiherr von Pino  (s.a.)  
Friedenthal (2nd time)
 1 Aug 1890 - 26 Jan 1891  Anton Graf Pace von Friedensberg   (b. 1851 - d. 1923)
(1st time)(acting)
14 Jan 1891 - 26 Jan 1891  Orestes Renney von Herszeny        (b. 1837? - d. 1900)
(Herscheny) (acting)
26 Jan 1891 - 29 May 1892  Anton Graf Pace von Friedensberg   (s.a.)
     (2nd time)
29 May 1892 - 20 Jun 1894  Franz Freiherr von Krauss          (b. 1837 - d. 1919)
20 Jun 1894 - 21 Dec 1897  Leopold Graf von Goëss             (b. 1848 - d. 1922)
(acting to 26 Nov 1894)
21 Dec 1897 - 29 Dec 1897  Wilhelm Pompe (acting)
29 Dec 1897 -  5 Apr 1903  Friedrich Freiherr Bourguignon     (b. 1846 - d. 1907)
                             von Baumberg
 5 Apr 1903 - 21 Apr 1903  Johann Fekete de Belafalva
(1st time) (acting)
21 Apr 1903 -  6 Oct 1904  Konrad Maria Eusebius Prinz zu     (b. 1863 - d. 1918)
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
 6 Oct 1904 -  7 Oct 1904  Johann Fekete de Belafalva
   (2nd time) (acting) 
 7 Oct 1904 - 20 Dec 1911  Oktavian Ritter Regner von         (b. 1866 - d. 1945)  
Bleyleben (from 25 May 1911, Oktavian
Freiherr Regner von Bleyleben)   
20 Dec 1911 - 10 Jan 1912  Rudolf Graf Thun-Hohenstein        (b. 1859 - d. 1943)
(acting)
10 Jan 1912 - 18 Jan 1912  Basil Ritter Duzinkiewicz (acting) (b. 1857 - d. 1921)
(Vasilij Duzinkevič)
18 Jan 1912 - 30 Aug 1914  Rudolf Johann Franz Graf von Meran (b. 1872 - d. 1959)
(1st time)(acting to ... 1912)
11 Sep 1914 - 21 Oct 1914  Sergey Dmitriyevich Yevreinov      (b. 1869 - d. 1931)
(Russian governor of Czernowitz oblast)
(1st time) 
1914 - 26 Nov 1914         Rudolf Johann Franz Graf von Meran (s.a.)
(2nd time)
26 Nov 1914 - 17 Feb 1915  Sergey Dmitriyevich Yevreinov      (s.a.)
(Russian governor of Czernowitz oblast)
(2nd time)
17 Feb 1915 - 18 Jun 1916  Rudolf Johann Franz Graf von Meran (s.a.)
(3rd time)
Oct 1916 - Mar 1917        Valeryan Valeryanovich Ligin       (b. 1873 - d. 19..)       
(Russian governor of Czernowitz oblast)
May 1917 -  3 Aug 1917     Aleksandr Ignatyevich Lototskiy    (b. 1870 - d. 1939)  UPSF
(= Oleksandr Ignatovych Lotots'kyy)
(Russian commissar of Czernowitz oblast)
 3 Aug 1917 -  6 Nov 1918  Josef Graf von Ezdorf (Etzdorf)    (b. 1879 - d. 1931)
(appointed 24 Apr 1917; acting to 30 Mar 1918)
National Commissioners
 6 Nov 1918 - 10 Nov 1918  Omelyan Oleksandrovych Popovych    (b. 1856 - d. 1930)  Non-party 
(Omelian Popowicz)
+ Aurel cavaler de Onciul          (b. 1864 - d. 1921)  PD
(Aurel Ritter von Onciul)
Romanian Military Commander (of Royal Romanian 8th Division)
11 Nov 1918 - 31 Dec 1918  Iacob Zadik         (b. 1867 - d. 1970)  Mil
Presidents of the Romanian National Council
10 Nov 1918 - 12 Nov 1918  Iancu cavaler de Flondor           (b. 1865 - d. 1924)  PNR
12 Nov 1918 - 28 Nov 1918  Dionisie cavaler de Bejan          (b. 1837 - d. 1923)  PNR
President of the General Congress of Bukovina
28 Nov 1918 - 31 Dec 1918  Iancu cavaler de Flondor           (s.a.)               PNR
Romanian Military commander
Jun 1941 - Jul 1941        Petre Dumitrescu                   (b. 1882 - d. 1950)  Mil
Governors-general of Bukovina
 7 Jul 1941 - 31 Aug 1941  Alexandru Rioşanu                  (b. 1892 - d. 1941)  Mil
31 Aug 1941 - 13 Apr 1943  Corneliu Calotescu                 (b. 1889 - d. 1970)  Mil
   (acting to 5 Sep 1941)
13 Apr 1943 - 29 Mar 1944  Corneliu Dragalina                 (b. 1887 - d. 1949)  Mil

Landeshauptleute im Herzogtum Bukowina
(Mareşali ţarii Bucovine/krayevi marshalky voyevodstva Bukovyny)
 6 Apr 1861 - 12 Jan 1863  Eugen Hackmann (= Eugenie Hacman)  (b. 1793 - d. 1873)  PC
12 Jan 1862 - 20 Aug 1870  Eudoxius Ritter von Hormuzaki      (b. 1812 - d. 1874)  PC
     (= Eudoxiu cavaler de Hurmuzachi)
(acting to 18 Apr 1864)(1st time)
20 Aug 1870 - 18 Dec 1871  Alexander Freiherr Wassilko von    (b. 1827 - d. 1893)  PCAR
Serecki (1st time)
(= Alexandru baron Wassilko de Serecki)
18 Dec 1871 - 10 Feb 1874  Eudoxius Ritter von Hormuzaki      (s.a.)               PC
   (from 6 May 1872, Eudoxius Freiherr von Hormuzaki)
(2nd time)
10 Feb 1874 - 22 Jun 1884  Anton Kochanowski Ritter von       (b. 1817 - d. 1906)  DLP
   Stawczan (acting to 3 Jun 1874)
22 Jun 1884 -  9 Sep 1892  Alexander Freiherr Wassilko von    (s.a.)               PCAR
Serecki (2nd time)
 9 Sep 1892 - 15 Sep 1904  Johann Lupul (Iancu Lupul)         (b. 1836 - d. 1922)PNR;1900 PCR
15 Sep 1904                Stephan Smal-Stocki (acting)       (b. 1859 - d. 1938)  UNDP
(= Stepan Smal'-Stots'kyy)
15 Sep 1904 - 26 Jun 1911  Georg Freiherr Wassilko von Serecki(b. 1864 - d. 1940)PCR;1905 PNR
(= Gheorghe baron Wassilko de Serecki)
26 Jun 1911 -  6 Nov 1918  Alexander Freiherr von Hormuzaki   (b. 1869 - d. 1945)  PNR
   (= Alexandru baron de Hurmuzachi)

Party abbreviations: PD = Partidul Democrat (Demokratische Partei)(Democratic Party, center- left, democratic, Aurel Onciul personalist, 1903-17 Aug 1905, revived 1908-1918); PNR = Partidul Naţional Român din Bucovina (Romanian National Party of Bukovina, conservative, merger of PC & PCAR 7 Mar 1892-1900, revived by merger of PD & PCR 17 Jul 1905-1918?); UNDP = Ukrayins'ka Natsional'na Demokratychna Partiya (Ukrainian National Democratic Party, centrist, Galicia regionalist, 26 Dec 1896-1919, renamed Ukrainian Labor Party); UPSF = Ukrayins'ka Partiya Sotsialistiv-Federalistiv (Ukrainian Party of Socialist Federalists, 7 Apr 1917-1923, renamed 1923-1939 as Ukrainian Radical Democratic Party); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: DLP = Deutschliberale Partei (German Liberal Party, Austrian liberal, 1867-1879); PC = Partidul Centralist/Zentralistische Partei (Centralist Party, centralist, liberal, 1861 - 7 Mar 1892, merged into PNR); PCAR = Partidul Conservator Autonomist Român din Bucovina (Romanian Autonomist Conservative Party of Bucovina, federalist, conservative, 1861-7 Mar 1892, merged into PNR); PCR = Partidul Conservator Român (Rumänische Konservative Partei)(Romanian Conservative Party, conservative, split from PNR, 1900-17 Jul 1905, merged into PNR)

---

Subcarpathia (Transcarpathia)

Map of Carpatho-Ukraine (1939)	Hear National Anthem "Shche ne vmerla Ukrayina" (Ukraine has not Perished)	Text of National Anthem  (15-16 Mar 1939)	Constitutional Law (15 Mar 1939; in Ukrainian)
Capital: Uzhhorod  (Ungvár, Užhorod) (Khust 22 Nov 1938 - 16 Mar 1939)	Currency: 1939-1944 Hungarian Pengő (HUP); 1919-1939 Czechoslovak Koruna (CSO)	National Holiday: None	Population: 552,124 (1939) 814,000 (1938) 604,745 (1921)
Ethnic groups: Ukrainian/Rusyn 75.9%, Jewish 12.1%,  Hungarian 4.8%, Czech and Slovak 3.2%, Romanian 2.4%, German 1.6% (1939)	Religions: Greek Catholic (Uniate) and Roman Catholic 64%, Protestant 11%, Jewish 15%, other/none 10% (1921)
Ruthenian Catholic Church

c.1054        Part of Hungary.  8 Nov 1918                Assembly in Ólubló (Lyubovnya/Stará L'ubovňa) votes in favor of
secession from Hungary and joining Ukraine. It elects the first
Rusyn People's Council (Rus'ka Narodna Rada) with Mikhail
Mihalich as chairman.
 9 Nov 1918                A 35 member Hungarian-Rusyn (from c.26 Dec 1918, Rusyn People's
Council [Rus'ka narodna rada]) is established in Ungvár        (Užgorod/Uhhorod) under Oreszt Szabó requesting autonomy within        Hungary.
17 Nov 1918                Rusyn People's Council established in Huszt (Khust) under Mikhail
Brashchayko voting to join Ukraine.
19 Nov 1918                Rusyn People's Council from Ólubló (Stará L'ubovňa) expanded and
moves to Eperjes (Prešov), electing Anton Beskid as its chairman.
19 Nov 1918                Carpatho-Russian Central People's Council formed in Eperjes
(Prešov). It declares union with Czechoslovakia on 31 Jan 1919.
 1 Dec 1918                Government Commission to prepare for (some form of) autonomy in
Hungary for the Ruthenian/Rusyn populated areas in the counties
of Máramaros, Ugocsa, Bereg, Ung, Zemplén, Sáros, Szepes, and
Abaúj-Torna.
 8 Dec 1918                Meeting at Szolyva (Svalyava) elects a Carpatho-Rusyn People's
Council (Karpats'ka Rus'ka Narodna Rada), which denounces the      council at Ungvár (Užhorod/Uzhhorod) and demands independence.
10 Dec 1918                17-point "Ruszin nemzet programjá" (Ruthenian national program) outlining administration, education, religious and linguistic autonomy adopted in Budapest (ethnic designation officially
changed from Rutén/Ruthenian to Ruszin/Rusyn).
18 Dec 1918                County-wide meeting convenes in Máramarossziget (Maramoroshsigot)
and elects a Rusyn People's Council under Mikhail Brashchayko.
21 Dec 1918                Rusyn Region (Ruszka Krajna) created by Hungary as an autonomous
area from Rusyn inhabited parts of Máramaros, Ugocsa, Bereg,
and Ung counties; to be administered by a Rusyn Region ministry
and a Regent's Commissioner (effective 25 Dec 1918).
12 Jan 1919                Czechoslovakia occupies Ungvár (Užhorod/Uzhhorod) under Colonel
Luigi Ciaffi, the Hungarian county administration moves to Csap (Čop/Chop).
16 Jan 1919 - 18 Jan 1919  (Western) Ukrainian troops occupy Máramarossziget (Maramoroshsigot)
18 Jan 1919                Romania occupies Máramarossziget (Sighetu Marmaţiei).
21 Jan 1919                Nationwide meeting of Hungarian-Ukrainian Rusyns in Hust (Khust)
chaired by Mikhail Brashchayko votes to join Ukraine. Then
Brashchayko is elected chairman of a Central People's Council.
21 Jan 1919                Western Ukraine claims Ruthenia (to no effect).
11 Feb 1919                Rusyn government council to be elected (effected 8 Apr 1919 by
inaugural meeting).
17 Mar 1919                Subcarpathia made part of the Allied (Czechoslovak/Romanian) zone
(by peace conference resolution).
12 Apr 1919                Rusyn Region (Rus'ka Krayna) proposed as a separate regional union (not effected).
19 Apr 1919                Romania occupies Huszt (Hust/Khust), Nagyszőllős (Sevlyush/Selyush)        on 23 Apr 1919, and Beregszász (Beregovo/Berehove) 28 Apr 1919.
28 Apr 1919                Czechoslovakia and Romania occupy Munkács (Mukačevo/Mukacheve).
 3 May 1919                Czechoslovakia occupies Csap (Čop/Chop).
 8 May 1919                Councils of Prešov, Khust, and Uzhhorod are merged into the Central
Rusyn People's Council (Tsentral'na Rus'ka Narodna Rada) under
Anton Beskid in Uzhhorod, which votes to join Czechoslovakia.
 6 Jun 1919 - 28 Feb 1922  Eastern Slovakia, including Subcarpathia, are placed under direct
Czechoslovak military administration.
21 Jul 1919                Czechoslovakia occupies Beregszász (Beregovo/Berehove).
29 Jul 1919                Basics of Rusyn autonomy defined; boundaries beyond core area to
be determined by census after nine months.
 9 Oct 1919                Central Rusyn People's Council splits into pro-Russian (Beskid) and
pro-Ukrainian camps (Voloshyn), both of which continue to lobby
the Czechoslovak government until 1939.
 8 Dec 1919                Provisionally called Subcarpathian Rus (Podkarpatská Rus) or
Ruthenia (Rusínsko). Rusyn is made primary language of education.
 6 Mar 1920                Czech is made the official language, minority languages allowed in
districts with 20% threshold of citizens.
16 Jul 1920                Austria formally recognizes Subcarpathia as part of Czechoslovakia
by the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (signed 10 Sep 1919).
30 Aug 1920                Romanian withdrawal from Subcarpthia completed.
26 Jul 1921                Hungary formally recognizes Subcarpathia as part of Czechoslovakia
by the Treaty of Trianon (signed 4 Jun 1920).
 1 Jul 1928                Subcarpathian Rus Land (Podkarpatoruská země) within
Czechoslovakia.
28 Sep 1938                Hungary demands cession of Hungarian populated areas of
Czechoslovakia and the autonomy of Slovakia and Subcarpathia.
 8 Oct 1938                Ukrainian Central People's Council (Ukrayins'ka Tsentral'na Narodna                Rada), chaired by Avgustyn Ivanovych Voloshyn, established by the merger of the Ukrainian/Russo-phile councils, claiming to be sole the legal representative of Subcarpthian Ukraine and nominating an autonomous government.
12 Oct 1938                Autonomous government takes office.
10 Nov 1938                Southern regions of Slovakia and Subcarpathia ceded to Hungary
by the First Vienna Award (of 2 Nov 1938); government relocates
to Khust on 22 Nov 1938.
13 Nov 1938                Ceded areas re-annexed by Hungary.
25 Nov 1938                Ukrainian is made the official language.
16 Dec 1938                Autonomous as Subcarpathian Rus' (Podkarpatská Rus') within
Czechoslovkia.
30 Dec 1938                Carpatho-Ukraine (Karpats'ka Ukrayina) sanctioned as alternative
polity name.
14 Mar 1939                Hungarian invasion launched in consequence of German invasion of
Czechoslovakia.
15 Mar 1939                Independence as Carpatho-Ukraine (Karpats'ka Ukrayina) effective;      with Ukrainian made state language proclamation dated 14 Mar
1939.
16 Mar 1939                Hungary occupies Khust (occupation of Subcarpathia completed
on 17 Mar 1939), military administration effected 18 Mar 1939.
 7 Jul 1939                Civilian administration under a Regents' Commissioner for Carpathia
(Kárpátalja), until 1 Apr 1944 when the area is declared a
military Operational Zone.
 8 Sep 1944                Soviet invasion begins.
27 Oct 1944                Occupied by the Soviet Union (Khust liberated on 23 Oct 1944,
Berehove on 26 Oct 1944, Uzhhorod on 27 Oct 1944 and Mukacheve
on 28 Oct 1944).
28 Oct 1944                Czechoslovak liberated territory of Subcarpathian Rus' placed
under the minister of economy as the government delegate.
26 Nov 1944                People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine (Narodna Rada                Zakarpats'koyi Ukrayiny) established, Transcarpathia to be united      with the Ukrainian S.S.R.
 8 Dec 1944                Following intense anti-Czechoslovak campaigning by the Communist              Party of Transcarpathian Ukraine, the Czechoslovak administration leaves, thereby effectively relinquishing Czechoslovak authority              over the area.
29 Jun 1945                Transcarpathia transferred from Czechoslovakia to Soviet Union
by making the frontiers as of 29 Sep 1938 the frontiers of      Czechoslovakia/Soviet Union (ratified 30 Jan 1946).
30 Jan 1946                Incorporation into Ukrainian S.S.R. (within Soviet Union) as
Zakarpattya (Zakarpatskaya) oblast (see Ukraine Admin. divisions)
25 Jul 1946                Place names Ukrainianized.
10 Feb 1947                Frontiers of Hungary as of 1 Jan 1938 restored, Transcarpathia
thus recognized as not part of Hungary by the Paris Peace Treaty
(ratified 15 Sep 1947). 

First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Transcarpathian Ukraine
19 Nov 1944 - 26 Feb 1946  Ivan Ivanovych Turyanytsya         (b. 1901 - d. 1955)  KPZU
(= Ivan Ivanovich Turyanitsa)
Hungarian Commissioner of the Rusyn Region
 3 Jan 1919 - 25 Mar 1919  Ágoston Stéfán (= Avgustyn Shtefan)(b. 1877 - d. 1945)  Non-party
Hungarian Political Special Commissioner
25 Mar 1919 - 28 Apr 1919  József Kaminszky (=Yosif Kaminskiy)(b. 1878 - d. 1944)  Non-party
Czechoslovak Commander-in-chiefs of Subcarpathian Rus (in Užhorod/Uzhhorod)  
28 Apr 1919 - 29 Dec 1919  Edmond Charles Adolphe Hennocque   (b. 1860 - d. 1933)  Mil
(commander 3rd Infantry Division to 31 May 1919)
 1 Jun 1919 - Jun 1919     Arnošt (Ernst) Kopfstein           (b. 1867 - d. 19..)  Mil
(acting for Hennocque)
Jun 1919 - 25 Oct 1919     Jean Dumon (acting for Hennocque)  (b. 1863 - d. 1935)  Mil
29 Dec 1919 - 28 Feb 1922  Marie Constantin Robert Paris      (b. 1868 - d. 1953)  Mil
Czechoslovak Administrator
20 Aug 1919 - 26 Apr 1920  Jan Brejcha          (b. 1867 - d. 1924)  Non-party
Governors
26 Apr 1920 - 22 May 1920  Jan Brejcha (acting)               (s.a.)               Non-party
22 May 1920 - 17 May 1921  Grigoriy Zhatkovich (Zsatkovich)   (b. 1886 - d. 1967)  Non-party
(= Gergely Zsatkovics, Řehoř Žatkovič)
17 May 1921 - 18 Nov 1923  Petr Ehrenfeld (acting)            (b. 1866 - d. 1936)  Non-party
(= Peter Körndlmayer Ritter von Ehrenfeld)
18 Nov 1923 - 16 Jun 1933  Anton Beskid (Beskyd)              (b. 1855 - d. 1933)  Non-party
16 Jun 1933 - 15 Feb 1935  Anton Rozsypal (acting)            (b. 1866 - d. 1937)  RSZML
15 Feb 1935 -  9 Oct 1938  Konstantin Hrabar (Hrabár)         (b. 1877 - d. 1938)  RSZML
 9 Oct 1938 -  4 Nov 1938  Ivan Parkányi (= Iván Párkányi)    (b. 1896 - d. 1996)  Non-party
 4 Nov 1938 - 15 Mar 1939  Vacant
President
15 Mar 1939 - 16 Mar 1939  Avgustyn Ivanovych Voloshyn        (b. 1874 - d. 1945)  UNO
(= Augustin Vološin)
Hungarian Military Commanders
16 Mar 1939 - 18 Mar 1939  vitéz Alajos Béldy     (b. 1889 - d. 1946)  Mil
18 Mar 1939 -  7 Jul 1939  Béla Novákovics                    (b. 1886 - d. 1976)  Mil
Hungarian Government Commissioner for the liberated territory
of Carpathia with a Rusyn majority population
20 Mar 1939 -  7 Jul 1939  Gyula Marina (= Yuliy Marina)      (b. 1901 - d. 1983)  Non-party
Regents' Commissioners of Carpathia
 7 Jul 1939 - 15 Sep 1940  Zsigmond báró Perényi perényi      (b. 1870 - d. 1946)  Non-party
15 Sep 1940 -  8 Dec 1941  vitéz Miklós Kozma leveldi         (b. 1884 - d. 1941)  MEP
 8 Dec 1941 - 17 Jan 1942  Sándor Ilniczky (acting)           (b. 1889 - d. 1947)  Non-party
(= Aleksander Ilynickiy)
17 Jan 1942 -  1 Apr 1944  Pál Vilmos Tomcsányi     (b. 1880 - d. 1959)  MEP
Government Commissioner in the Operational Zone
 1 Apr 1944 - 27 Oct 1944  András Vincze (b. 1883 - d. 19..)  Mil
Soviet Military Commanders (of the 18th Army)
27 Oct 1944 -  7 Nov 1944  Yevgeniy Petrovich Zhuravlyov      (b. 1896 - d. 1983)  Mil   
(Zhuravlev)
 7 Nov 1944 - 26 Nov 1944  Anton Iosifovich Gastilovich       (b. 1902 - d. 1975)  Mil  
Czechoslovak Government Delegate for the Liberated Area
28 Oct 1944 -  8 Dec 1944  František Němec         (b. 1898 - d. 1963)  CSSD
Chairman of the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine
26 Nov 1944 - 30 Jan 1946  Ivan Ivanovych Turyanytsya (s.a.)               KPZU
(= Ivan Ivanovich Turyanitsa)

Chairmen of the Rusyn People's Council (in Eperjes/Prešov)   
 8 Nov 1918 - 19 Nov 1918  Mikhail Mihalich (Mihály Mihálics) (b. 1859 - d. 1944)  Non-party
             (in Ólubló/Stará L'ubovňa)
19 Nov 1918 -  8 May 1919  Anton Beskid (= Antal Beszkid)     (s.a.)               Non-party
Chairman of the Rusyn People's Council (in Ungvár/Uzhhorod)     
 9 Nov 1918 -  8 May 1919  Simeon Sabov (= Simon Szabó)       (b. 1863 - d. 1929)  Non-party
18 Dec 1918 - 21 Jan 1919  Mikhail Brashchayko                (b. 1883 - d. 1969)  Non-party
                             (= Mihály Brascsajko)
  (in dissidence, in Máramarossziget/Maramoroshsigot)
Chairmen of the Central People's Council (in Huszt/Khust)  
21 Jan 1919 -  8 May 1919  Mikhail Brashchayko                (s.a.)               Non-party
 8 May 1919 -  9 Oct 1919  Anton Beskid       (s.a.)               Non-party
President of the Autonomous Directory
10 Nov 1919 - 19 Feb 1920  Grigoriy Zhatkovich (Zsatkovich)   (s.a.)               Non-party
Vice Governors
26 Apr 1920 - Nov 1923     Petr Ehrenfeld                     (s.a.)               Non-party
Nov 1923 - 30 Jun 1928     Anton Rozsypal                     (s.a.)               RSZML
Land Presidents of the Subcarpathian Rus Land
 1 Jul 1928 -  1 Jan 1937  Anton Rozsypal                     (s.a.)               RSZML
 1 Jan 1937 -  1 Oct 1938  Jaroslav Mezník                    (b. 1884 - d. 1941)  Non-party
 1 Oct 1938 - 12 Oct 1938  Alexander (Aleksander) Beskid      (b. 1887 - d. 1975)  Non-party
(= Sándor Beszkid)
Ministers for the Management of Subcarpathian Rus'
12 Oct 1938 - 26 Oct 1938  Andrey Brodiy (Bródy)              (b. 1895 - d. 1946)  AZS
(= András Bródy)
26 Oct 1938 - 16 Dec 1938  Avgustyn Ivanovych Voloshyn        (s.a.)           KNP;29 Oct 1938
Prime ministers (Minister-presidents)              Non-party
16 Dec 1938 - 15 Mar 1939  Avgustyn Ivanovych Voloshyn        (s.a.)             Jan 1939: UNO
15 Mar 1939 - 16 Mar 1939  Yulian Ivanovych Revay             (b. 1899 - d. 1979)  UNO
(= Július Révay)

Hungarian Government Commissioner (in Budapest)
(from 29 Dec 1918, Minister of Rusyn Region)
 1 Dec 1918 - 21 Mar 1919  Oreszt Szabó (= Orest Sabov)       (b. 1867 - d. 1944?) Non-party
Hungarian People's Commissar for the Rusyn Region (in Budapest) 
21 Mar 1919 - 25 Mar 1919  Vacant      
25 Mar 1919 -  1 Aug 1919  Ágoston Stéfán (s.a.)               Non-party 
Czechoslovak Minister for Affairs of Subcarpathian Rus'
 4 Oct 1938 - 14 Oct 1938  Ivan Parkányi             (s.a.)               Non-party
Hungarian Minister without Portfolio responsible for Upland Affairs
(for formerly Southern Slovakia and Subcarpathia)(in Budapest)
16 Nov 1938 -  1 Apr 1940  Andor Jaross        (b. 1896 - d. 1946)  EMP

Party abbreviations (all local parties banned 29 Oct 1938-18 Jan 1939): AZS = Avtonomnyy-Zemledyel'cheskiy Soyuz (Autonomous Agrarian Union, agrarian, Subcarpathian autonomist, 26 Jan 1924-29 Oct 1938); CSSD = Česká Strana Sociálně Demokratická (Czech Social Democratic Party, social-democratic, 1893-27 Jun 1948, merged into KSC); EMP = Egyesült Országos Keresztényszocialista és Magyar Nemzeti Párt (United Country-wide Christian-Socialist and United Hungarian Party, Hungarian nationalist with Slovakia, Christian socialist, 21 Jun 1936-15 Mar 1940); KNP = Khristiansko-Narodnaya Partiya Podkarpatskoy Rusy/Křes'ansko-Lidová Strana Podkarpatské Rusi (Christian People's Party of Subcarpathian Rus', populist, conservative, Rusyn nationalist, formerly 1920-23 Russkaya Krest'yanskaya Partiya [Rusyn Peasants' Party], 1923-29 Oct 1938); KPZU = Komunistychna Partiya Zakarpats'koyi Ukrayiny (Communist Party of Transcarpathian Ukraine, communist, 19 Nov 1944-26 Feb 1946, merged into Communist Party of Ukraine [KPU]); MEP = Magyar Élet Pártja (Party of Hungarian Life, far-right, 22 Feb 1939-1944?); RSZML = Republikánska Strana Zemedelského a Malorol'níckeho L'udu/Republikánská Strana Zemědělského a Malorolnického Lidu "Agrárníci" (Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants "Agrarians", center-right, Czechoslovak agrarian party, 29 Jun 1922 - 22 Nov 1938, merged into Party of National Unity); UNO = Ukrayins'ke Natsional'ne Ob'yednannya (Ukrainian National Federation, Rusyn nationalist, conservative, authoritarian, Carpatho-Ukraine state party, 18 Jan 1939-16 Mar 1939); Mil = Military

---

Hutsul' 

 8 Nov 1918                Meeting in Kőrösmező (Yasinya), Máramaros county, in Eastern
Subcarpathia declares union with Ukraine and elects a 42 person
             Rusyn People's Council, which in turn later that day forms a 10
             man executive main board. It is retrospectively referred to as
"Hutsul' Republic" (Hutsul's'ka Respublika).
22 Dec 1918                Hungarian occupation of Kőrösmező (Yasinya), local council
dispersed.
 8 Jan 1919                Ukrainian-backed uprising in Kőrösmező (Yasinya); local council
is restored. This is also retrospectively referred to as the
             "Hutsul' Republic" (Hutsul's'ka Respublika).
11 Jun 1919                Romanian occupation, local administration is dispersed (for not
             having joined the Central Rusyn People's Council).

Chairman of the Hutsul' People's Council
 8 Nov 1918 - 11 Jun 1919  Stepan Stepanovych Klochurak       (b. 1895 - d. 1980)  Non-party
(= Stepan Stepanovich Klochurak)

---

Donetsk People's Republic

Map of Donetsk Rep.	Hear Anthem "Gosudarstvennyy Gimn   Donetskoy Narodnoy Respubliki" (National Anthem of the Donetsk People's Republic)	Text of Anthem Adopted 9 May 2015	Constitution (14 May 2014)
Capital: Donetsk	Currency: Russian  Ruble (RUB) -------------------------------- Armed Forces: 20,000 (2017)	Local Holiday: 11 May (2014) Den' Donetskoy Narodnoy Respubliki (Den' Respubliki) (Day of the Donetsk People's Republic [Republic Day])	Population: 2,200,000 (2022) 2,302,444 (2018)

 7 Apr 2014     Donetsk People's Republic (Donetskaya Narodnaya Respublika)
proclaimed in rebellion by Russian separatists in areas of
Ukraine's Donets'k oblast (see Ukraine administrative divisions).
11 May 2014                Referendum on self-determination votes for independence
     of Donetsk from Ukraine with 89.07% of vote.
12 May 2014                Sovereignty proclaimed.
24 May 2014                Announced merger with Lugansk People's Republic as "Novorossiya"
             (not effected).
24 Jun 2014                Announced itself part of Confederate Union of People's Republics
             with the Lugansk People's Republic (not effected). This project
             put on hold 1 Jan 2015, then frozen 20 May 2015.
21 Feb 2022                Recognized by Russia (and by South Ossetia 27 Jun 2014,
Abkhazia 25 Feb 2022, Syria 29 Jun 2022, and North Korea on
13 Jul 2022).
23-27 Sep 2022    Referendum votes 99.2% to join Russia (recognized by Russia,
but not by Ukraine).
 5 Oct 2022 Annexed by Russia (declared on 30 Sep 2022)(not recognized by
   Ukraine).

People's governors
 1 Mar 2014 - 15 May 2014  Pavel Yuryevich Gubarev            (b. 1983)            Non-party
  (Ukrainian prisoner 6 Mar - 7 May 2014)
 6 Mar 2014 -  7 May 2014  Denis Vladimirovich Pushilin       (b. 1981)            DR
(acting for Gubarev)
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Council
15 May 2014 - 18 Jul 2014  Denis Vladimirovich Pushilin       (s.a.)               DR
18 Jul 2014 - 23 Jul 2014  Vladimir Ivanovich Makovich        (b. 1962 - d. 2017)  DR
(acting)
23 Jul 2014 -  4 Nov 2014  Boris Alekseyevich Litvinov        (b. 1954)            KPD
Heads of the republic
 4 Nov 2014 - 31 Aug 2018  Aleksandr Vladimirovich            (b. 1976 - d. 2018)  DR
     Zakharchenko
31 Aug 2018 -  7 Sep 2018  Dmitriy Viktorovich Trapeznikov    (b. 1981)            Non-party
             (acting)
 7 Sep 2018 -              Denis Vladimirovich Pushilin       (s.a.) DR;12-4-21 YR
(acting to 20 Nov 2018 and from 5 Oct 2022)

Prime ministers (Chairmen of the council of ministers)
 8 Apr 2014 - 15 May 2014  Denis Vladimirovich Pushilin       (s.a.)               DR
(chairman of interim government)
16 May 2014 -  7 Aug 2014  Aleksandr Yuryevich Boroday        (b. 1972)            Non-party
 7 Aug 2014 - 31 Aug 2018  Aleksandr Vladimirovich            (s.a.)               DR
     Zakharchenko
31 Aug 2018 -  7 Sep 2018  Dmitriy Viktorovich Trapeznikov    (s.a.)               Non-party
(acting)
 7 Sep 2018 - 18 Oct 2018  Denis Vladimirovich Pushilin       (s.a.)               DR
(acting)
18 Oct 2018 -  8 Jun 2022  Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Ananchenko  (b. 1967)            DR
(acting to 1 Dec 2018)
 5 Feb 2020 - 14 Feb 2020  Vladimir Igorevich Pashkov         (b. 1961)            Non-party
(acting for Ananchenko)
 8 Jun 2022 - 29 Mar 2023  Vitaliy Pavlovich Khotsenko        (b. 1986)            Non-party
30 Mar 2023 -              Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Solntsev    (b. 1980)            Non-party

Party abbreviations: DR = Donetskaya Respublika (Donetsk Republic, radical, militarist, Russian nationalist, Donbas separatist, anti-Ukrainization, 12 Nov 2007 banned by Ukraine, est.8 Dec 2005); KPD = Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Donetskoy Narodnoy Respubliki (Communist Party of Donetsk People's Republic, Marxist–Leninist communist, populist, split from KPU, est.8 Oct 2014); YR = Yedinaya Rossiya/Yedyna Rosiya (United Russia, Russian nationalist, conservative, V. Putin personalist, Russian Federation government party, Eurosceptic, est.1 Dec 2001)

---

Lugansk People's Republic

Map of Lugansk Rep.	Hear Anthem "Gosudarstvennyy Gimn  Luganskoy Narodnoy Respubliki" (National Anthem of the Lugansk People's Republic)	Text of Anthem Adopted 29 Apr 2016	Constitution (18 May 2014)
Capital: Lugansk	Currency: Russian  Ruble (RUB) ------------------------------- Armed Forces: 10,000 (2017)	Local Holiday: 12 May (2014) Den' Luganskoy Narodnoy Respubliki (Den' Respubliki) (Day of the Lugansk People's Republic [Republic Day])	Population: 1,400,000 (2022) 1,464,039 (2018)

27 Apr 2014   Lugansk People's Republic (Luganskaya Narodnaya Respublika)
proclaimed in rebellion by Russian separatists in areas of
             Ukraine's Luhans'k oblast (see Ukraine administrative divisions).
11 May 2014                Referendum on self-determination votes for independence
of Lugansk from Ukraine with 96.2% of vote.
12 May 2014                Sovereignty proclaimed.
24 May 2014                Announced merger with Donetsk People's Republic as "Novorossiya"
   (not effected).
24 Jun 2014                Announced itself part of Confederate Union of People's Republics
with the Lugansk People's Republic (not effected). This project
put on hold 1 Jan 2015, then frozen 20 May 2015.
21 Feb 2022                Recognized by Russia (and by South Ossetia 18 Jun 2014,
Abkhazia 25 Feb 2022, Syria 29 Jun 2022, and North Korea on
             13 Jul 2022).
23-27 Sep 2022    Referendum votes 98.4% to join Russia (recognized by Russia,
but not by Ukraine).
 5 Oct 2022 Annexed by Russia (declared on 30 Sep 2022)(not recognized by
Ukraine).

People's governors
 5 Mar 2014 - 21 Apr 2014  Aleksandr Petrovich Kharitonov      (b. 1971)            PSP
(Ukrainian prisoner from 13 Mar 2014)
21 Apr 2014 - 18 May 2014  Valeriy Dmitriyevich Bolotov        (b. 1970 - d. 2017)  Mil
13 May 2014 - 17 May 2014  Gennadiy Mikhaylovich Tsypkalov     (b. 1973 - d. 2016)  Non-party
(acting for Bolotov)
Heads of the republic
18 May 2014 - 20 Aug 2014  Valeriy Dmitriyevich Bolotov        (s.a.)   Non-party
20 Aug 2014 - 24 Nov 2017  Igor Venediktovich Plotnitskiy      (b. 1964)            ML
(acting to 4 Nov 2014)
24 Nov 2017 -              Leonid Ivanovich Pasechnik          (b. 1970)           ML;2021 YR
(acting to 21 Nov 2018 and from 5 Oct 2022)

Prime Ministers (Chairmen of the council of ministers) 
18 May 2014 -  4 Jul 2014  Vasiliy Aleksandrovich Nikitin      (b. 1971)            Non-party
 4 Jul 2014 - 20 Aug 2014  Marat Faatovich Bashirov (acting)   (b. 1964)            Non-party
20 Aug 2014 – 26 Aug 2014  Igor Venediktovich Plotnitskiy      (s.a.)               ML
(acting)
26 Aug 2014 - 26 Dec 2015  Gennadiy Mikhaylovich Tsypkalov     (s.a.)               ML
26 Dec 2015 - 10 Jul 2024  Sergey Ivanovich Коzlov             (b. 1963)          Mil/Non-party
10 Jul 2024 -              Yegor Viktorovich Kovalchuk         (b. 1973)            YRParty abbreviations: ML = Obshchestvennoye Dvizheniye "Mir Luganshchine" (Public Movement "Peace for Luganshchina [Lugansk Region]", socialist, Russian nationalist, Lugansk separatist, Eurosceptic, banned by Ukraine, est.6 Oct 2014); PSP = Prohresyvna Sotsialitychna Partiya Ukrayiny/Progressivnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Partiya Ukrainy (Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine, left-wing populist, social conservative, pan-Slavism, pro-Russia, Eurosceptic, split from SPU, 20 Mar 2022 banned by Ukraine, est.Apr 1996); YR = Yedinaya Rossiya/Yedyna Rosiya (United Russia, Russian nationalist, conservative, V. Putin personalist, Russian Federation government party, Eurosceptic, est.1 Dec 2001); Mil = Military

---

Crimea (Krym)

Khanate to 1783	26 Dec 1917 - 26 Jan 1918 Tatar National Government Flag	26 Jan 1918 - 21 Apr 1918, 10 Apr 1919 - 24 Jun 1919
25 Jun 1918 - 15 Nov 1918 Crimean Regional Government Flag	15 Nov 1918 - 15 Apr 1919, 24 Jun 1919 - 15 Nov 1920	13 Nov 1920 - 7 Nov 1921
7 Nov 1921 - 1928	5 May 1929 - 4 Jun 1937	4 Jun 1937 - 1938
1938 - Jul 1942, Apr 1944 - 30 Jun 1945	Adopted 24 Sep 1992

Map of Crimea	Hear Local Anthem "Gimn Avtonomnoy  Respubliki Krym" ("Himn Avtonomnoyi  Respubliky Krym") (Hymn of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea)	Text of Anthem Adopted 26 Feb 1992 (lyrics 18 Oct 2000)	Constitution (12 Jan 1999-17 Mar 2014) ----------------------------------- 1992 Constitution (6 May 1992 - 17 Mar 1995, restored 17 Mar 2014;  in Russian)
Capital: Simferopol' (Bakhchisaray [Bağçasaray]  1532 - 1783; Karasubazar [Qarasuvbazar] 1783 - 1784; Qyrym 1428-1441, Qyrq Yer 1441 - 1490's, Salaçyq 1490's - 1532)	Currency: from 17 Mar 2014 Russian Ruble (RUR); 1993-1 Jun 2014 Hryvnya (UAH); Jun 1919-Nov 1920 Don Ruble; Qyrym Para  c.1684-1783; Qyrym Akche 1441-c.1684	Local Holidays (from 1992): 20 Jan (1991) Den' Avtonomnoy Respubliki Krym (Day of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea) ---------------------------------- (from 2015): 16 Mar (2014) Den' vossoyedineniya Kryma s Rossiyey (Day of the Reunification of  the Crimea with Russia)	Population: 1,966,556 (2014) 2,024,000 (2001) 1,634,700 (1906) 580,000 (1780)
GDP (1992-2014): $N/A (included in Ukraine GDP)	Exports (1992-2014): $N/A Imports (1992-2014): $N/A (included in Ukraine figures)	Ethnic groups: Russian 58.5%, Ukrainian 24.4%, Crimean Tatar 12.1%, Belarusian 1.5%, Tatar 0.5%, Armenian 0.4%, Jews 0.2%, Poles 0.2%, Moldovan 0.2%, Azeri 0.2%, others 1.8% (2001)
Total Local Russian Forces: 26,000 (2015) [Ukrainian Forces: 14,500 (in 2014)] Merchant marine: N/A (2014)	Religions: Eastern Orthodox 58%, Muslim 15%,  do not know/no answer 10%, agnostic 10%, not stated 3%, atheist 2%, others 2% (2013)
Sevastopol'

Note: Names are given in Russian (with various notes) from 1917. For the period 1991-2014 names are given in Russian with Ukrainian in parentheses. Russian and Ukrainian BGN/PCGN romanization system.

c.480 BC - 341 AD          Southern Crimean coast part of Bosporan (Bosporos) Kingdom.
114 BC - 63 BC             Bosporos a vassal of the Pontic (Pontos) Kingdom.
63 BC - 341 AD             Bosporos a vassal of the Roman Empire (Crimea briefly
annexed by Rome 62-68 AD as part of Moesia Inferior).
c.300 - c.375              Ruled by the Goths.
c.375 - c.500              Ruled by the Huns.
c.500 - c.750 Rule by the Goths (restored).
c.540 - Apr 1204           Eastern (Byzantine) Roman Empire rule over the Southern coast of
   Crimea.
c.750 - c.900 Khazar rule.
c.900 - c.1030    Pechenegs (Pachinak) rule.
c.1030 - 1239 Cuman-Kipchak (Kypchak) rule.
1239 - 1428 Mongol (from 1259, Golden Horde [Ulus of Jochi]) rule.
1428 Rival khan of the Golden Horde established himself in Crimea and
founded Geray (Giray) dynasty.
1434 - 1441                Re-occupied by the Golden Horde (also 1429-1431, 1442-1445).
1441           Established as a separate khanate of Crimea (contemporary names:
    Throne of Crimea [Taht-i Qyrym] or Crimean Country [Qyrym Yurtu])
 1 Jun 1475                Crimean khans vassals of the Ottoman Empire.
 6 Jun 1475                Ottoman Empire takes control of Kaffa, ending Genoese rule.
1502           Crimean troops defeated the Great Horde, the Crimean khans
consider themselves successors of the Golden Horde.
1568 - 21 Jul 1774         Eyalet of Kefe (Eyālet-i Kefê‎)(province of Kaffa) created from the
Southern coast of Crimea under direct Ottoman rule.
Jul 1771 - Sep 1774        Russian occupation.
12 Aug 1771                Under Russian protectorate.
 9 Feb 1773                Russia-Crimea treaty of peace and alliance (signed 12 Nov 1772).
21 Jul 1774                Crimean declared independent of both Ottoman and Russian rule by
             Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (Kuchuk-Kainarji)(ratified 24 Jan 1775).
Mar 1777 - Jun 1779        Russian occupation.
Jan 1783                   Russian occupation.
19 Apr 1783                Annexed to Russia (public proclamation 9 Jul 1783; from 8 Aug 1783
militarily administered as part of Novorossiya to 13 Feb 1784
[effectively to 22 Jun 1784]; as Taurian oblast [Tavricheskaya
               oblast'] 13 Feb 1784 - 23 Dec 1796; as part of Novorossiya
guberniya [governorate] 23 Dec 1796 - 20 Oct 1802; and from 20
Oct 1802 separated again as governorate of Tauria [Tavricheskaya
guberniya]).
13 Sep 1854 - 12 Jul 1856  Parts of the Crimea occupied by Allies during Crimean War (forces
             occupy Yevpatoria on 13 Sep 1854, Balaklava on 26 Sep 1854,
             Kerch on 24 May 1855, and Sevastopol' is occupied on 9 Sep 1855
following a 337-day siege. Following the Treaty of Paris of
             30 Mar 1856 the Allies evacuate the Crimea on 12 Jul 1856).
 3 Dec 1917                Tauria Governorate Council of People's Representatives established
as 'temporary supreme authority'.
 9 Dec 1917                Tatar Kurultay (Qurultay), the Tatar parliament, inaugurated at
Bakhchisaray (Bağçasaray).
26 Dec 1917                Crimean People's Republic (Qırım Halq Cumhuriyeti/Krymskaya
Narodnaya Respublika) proclaimed by the Tatar Kurultay, as part
             of Russia; the Tatar constitution (Fundamental Law) adopted, but
             the Tatar government deferred to the supreme authority of the
             Council of People's Representatives.
29 Dec 1917                Bolshevik uprising in Sevastopol' establishes a local Revolutionary
Committee (which on 10 Jan 1918 is renamed Taurian Governorate
Military Revolutionary Committee [Tavricheskiy voyenno-
revolyutsionnyy komitet]).
27 Jan 1918                Simferopol' occupied by the Bolsheviks; the Council of People's
Representatives and Tatar government are suppressed.
22 Mar 1918                Soviet Socialist Republic of Taurida (Sovetskaya
Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika Tavrida), part of Russian S.F.S.R.
23 Apr 1918 - 15 Nov 1918  German occupation (Simferopol' occupied 23 Apr 1918 and Sevastopol'
on 1 May 1918, on 21 Apr 1918 Communist government flees.
27 Apr 1918 - 25 Jun 1918  Three successive local administrations (Commissariat, Council of
the Directory, and Board of Zemstvo) all attempted to obtain
German recognition.
25 Jun 1918                Crimean Kray Government (Krymskoye krayevoye pravitel'stvo)
established at Simferopol' (under German occupation and claiming
"sovereignty" of Crimea within Russia until 15 Nov 1918).
15 Nov 1918                Kray Government declares itself only a "temporary authority", and
recognized supreme authority of the commander-in-chief of the
             "White" Russian Volunteer Army (from 8 Jan 1919, Armed Forces in
             the South of Russia) by agreement.
25 Dec 1918 - 29 Apr 1919  Allied (French) occupation of Sevastopol' under Jean-François
             Charles Amet (b. 1861 - d. 1940), French troops arrive on 23 Nov
1918.
10 Apr 1919                Soviet Russian forces occupy Simferopol' and then Sevastopol' on
18 Apr 1919.
11 Apr 1919                "White" Russian forces evacuate Yalta.
 5 May 1919                Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic (Krymskaya Sovetskaya
               Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), part of the Russian S.F.S.R. 
24 Jun 1919 - 15 Nov 1920  "White" Russian Armed Forces in the South of Russia (from 19 Aug
1920, the Russian Army) occupy Crimea (Simferopol' occupied on
24 Jun 1919, Communists flee 23 Jun 1919)(for "White" Russian
governments see under Russia).
13 Nov 1920                Soviet Russian forces regain control (taking Simferopol' on 13 Nov
             1920, Feodosiya 14 Nov 1920, Sevastopol' on 15 Nov 1920, Kerch
on 16 Nov 1920 and Yalta 17 Nov 1920).
 7 Nov 1921                Socialist Soviet Republic of the Crimea (Krymskaya
Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya Respublika), within Russian
S.F.S.R.
 5 Oct 1929                Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic of the Crimea (Krymskaya
Avtonomnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya Respublika)(within
the Russian S.F.S.R).
 5 Dec 1936     Renamed Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Crimea
(Krymskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya
Respublika).
 1 Nov 1941 -  9 May 1944  German military occupation (Simferopol' occupied on 1 Nov 1941,
Kerch on 18 May 1942, Sevastopol' on 1 Jul 1942). On 1 Sep
             1942, Generalbezirk Krim (Teilbezirk Taurien) established within
             the Reichskommissariat Ukraine (s.a.) for the Melitopol' area,
             and intended to eventually also include the peninsula itself as
             Gotengau (which never occurs) and Simferopol was planned to be
             renamed Gotenburg (which also never occurs).
13 Apr 1944                Soviet Union re-occupies Crimea (Kerch re-taken on 11 Apr 1944,
Simferopol' on 13 Apr 1944 and Sevastopol' on 9 May 1944).
18 May 1944                Deportation of the Tatars from Crimea by Soviet government
(from 26 Jun 1944 Greeks, Armenians, and Bulgarians as well).
25 Jun 1946 Reduced to Crimean oblast (Krymskaya oblast')(by decree of 30 Jun
             1945).
19 Feb 1954                Crimea transferred to the Ukrainian S.S.R. by the Russian S.F.S.R.
20 Jan 1991                In referendum 93.3% vote for the restoration of the Crimean
       A.S.S.R. within the Soviet Union.
26 Feb 1991                Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Crimea (restored)
(Krymskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika).
 4 Sep 1991                State sovereignty declared by Crimea.
26 Feb 1992                Republic of Crimea (Respublika Krym)(name adopted by resolution of
             the Supreme Council of Crimea, confirmed by new constitution of
6 May 1992).
29 Apr 1992                Ukrainian law declares Crimea to be an integral part of Ukraine
             that not be exchanged with another country.
 5 May 1992                Crimean government declares independence, to be approved by
  a referendum, which is never held.
21 May 1992                Act on independence cancelled.
21 Sep 1994                Ukraine renames Crimean A.S.S.R. the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
             (Avtonomnaya Respublika Krym) in its constitution (not recognized
by Crimea).
31 Mar 1995 - 19 Aug 1995  Direct rule by the government of Ukraine.
14 May 1998 Autonomous Republic of Crimea (name recognized by Crimea).
21 Jan 1999                Russian recognized as dominant language (by new local constitution
             of 21 Oct 1998).
27 Feb 2014                Parliament occupied by pro-Russian demonstrators.
 6 Mar 2014                Crimean parliament and Sevastopol' city council vote in favor of
             joining Russia, to be a approved by referendum.
15 Mar 2014                Ukraine government declares direct rule (to no effect).
16 Mar 2014                Referendum votes 96.7% to join Russia (recognized by Russia,
but not Ukraine).
17 Mar 2014                Independence declared (Republic of Crimea [Respublika Krym]) and
application for accession to Russia; recognized by Russia, but
not Ukraine.
21 Mar 2014                Crimea annexed to Russia; creating two new federal subjects:
             the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol'
             (not recognized by Ukraine).

Chairman of the Taurian Governorate Committee of the Russian Social Democratic
Workers' (from 8 Mar 1918, Communist) Party (Bolsheviks)
14 Jan 1918 - 23 Apr 1918  Yan Yulianovich Tarvatskiy         (b. 1879 - d. 1918)
(= Jan Tarwacki)
(in Tatar captivity from 21 Apr 1918)
Chairman of the Crimean Oblast Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
 1 May 1919 - 24 Jun 1919  Yuriy Petrovich Gaven              (b. 1884 - d. 1936)
(= Jānis Daumanis)
Executive Secretaries of the Regional Committee of the Russian Communist Party
(Bolsheviks)(of the All-Union Communist Party [Bolsheviks] 31 Dec 1925-13 Oct 1952;
from 13 Oct 1952, of Communist Party of the Soviet Union)
20 Nov 1920 -  6 Jan 1921  Rozaliya Samoylovna Zemlyachka     (b. 1876 - d. 1947)
         (Zalkind)(f)     
 6 Jan 1921 - 13 Mar 1921  Adol'f Mikhaylovich Lide           (b. 1895 - d. 1941)
(= Adolfs Līde)
28 Mar 1921 -  6 Nov 1921  Ivan Alekseyevich Akulov           (b. 1888 - d. 1937)
 6 Nov 1921 - 24 Oct 1922  Abram Ilyich Izrailovich           (b. 1883 - d. 1937)
25 Oct 1922 - 13 May 1924  Nikolay Ivanovich Ufimtsev         (b. 1888 - d. 1938)
16 May 1924 - Jun 1925     Ivan Petrovich Nosov               (b. 1888 - d. 1937)
Jun 1925 -  7 Aug 1925     Vasiliy Vasilyevich Vashkevich     (b. 1892 - d. 1972)
         (acting)
 7 Aug 1925 - 30 Aug 1927  Sergey Dmitriyevich Petropavlovskiy(b. 1886 - d. 1942)
Sep 1927 - 17 Dec 1929     Dmitriy Yegorovich Zhivov          (b. 1896 - d. 1938)
17 Dec 1929 - 11 May 1930  Nikolay Kuz'mich Kozlov            (b. 1893 - d. 1973)
12 May 1930 - Dec 1930     Aykaz Arkadyevich Kostanyan        (b. 1897 - d. 1938)
(= Haykaz Arshaki Kostanyan)
Dec 1930 -  6 May 1931     Yevgeniy Ilyich Veger (Weger)      (b. 1899 - d. 1937)
First Secretaries of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
 6 May 1931 -  3 Feb 1933  Yevgeniy Ilyich Veger (Weger)      (s.a.)
 3 Feb 1933 - 28 Dec 1936  Boris Aleksandrovich Semyonov      (b. 1890 - d. 1937)
28 Dec 1936 - 14 Jul 1937  Lavrentiy Iosifovich Kartvelishvili(b. 1890 - d. 1938)
14 Jul 1937 - 10 Oct 1938  Nikolay Ivanovich Shchuchkin       (b. 1895 - d. 1938)
(acting to Jul 1938)
10 Oct 1938 - 28 Jan 1939  .... (acting)
28 Jan 1939 - 14 Jun 1944  Vladimir Semyonovich Bulatov       (b. 1910 - d. 1999)
(in Russian S.F.S.R. exile from 1942) 
14 Jun 1944 - 30 Jul 1946  Pavel Fyodorovich Tyulyayev        (b. 1905 - d. 1946)
30 Jul 1946 -  7 Aug 1949  Nikolay Vasilyevich Solov'yov      (b. 1903 - d. 1950)
(Solovyev)
 7 Aug 1949 - 16 Jan 1954  Pavel Ivanovich Titov              (b. 1907 - d. 1990)
16 Jan 1954 - 19 Feb 1954  Dmitriy Stepanovich Polyanskiy     (b. 1917 - d. 2001)
First Secretaries of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine
19 Feb 1954 - 14 Dec 1955  Dmitriy Stepanovich Polyanskiy     (s.a.)
14 Dec 1955 -  3 Jan 1961  Vasiliy Grigoryevich Komyakhov     (b. 1911 - d. 1966)
 3 Jan 1961 -  5 Apr 1967  Ivan Kondratyevich Lutak           (b. 1919 - d. 2009)
       (chairman of rural party committee 9 Jan 1963 - 4 Dec 1964)
11 Jan 1963 -  4 Dec 1964  Nikolay Prokofyevich Surkin        (b. 1910 - d. 19..)
           (chairman of the industrial party committee)
 5 Apr 1967 -  1 Jul 1977  Nikolay Karpovich Kirichenko       (b. 1923 - d. 1986)
         (Kyrychenko)
 1 Jul 1977 - 13 Jun 1987  Viktor Sergeyevich Makarenko       (b. 1931 - d. 2007)
13 Jun 1987 - 25 Sep 1989  Andrey Nikolayevich Girenko        (b. 1936 - d. 2017)
25 Sep 1989 - 10 Apr 1991  Nikolay Vasilyevich Bagrov         (b. 1937 - d. 2015)
10 Apr 1991 -  8 May 1991  Leonid Ivanovich Grach             (b. 1948)
First Secretary of the Republic Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine
 8 May 1991 - 26 Aug 1991  Leonid Ivanovich Grach             (s.a.)

Khans¹
Jul 1684 - Mar 1691        Selim I Geray (2nd time)           (b. 1634 - d. 1704)
Mar 1691 - Jan 1692        Sa'adet II Geray                   (b. 164. - d. 1695)
Jan 1692 - Oct 1692        Safa Geray                         (b. 1639 - d. 1703)
Oct 1692 - 25 Mar 1699     Selim I Geray (3rd time)           (s.a.)
25 Mar 1699 - 26 Dec 1702  Devlet I Geray (1st time)          (b. 164. - d. 1718)
26 Dec 1702 - 22 Dec 1704  Selim I Geray (4th time)           (s.a.)
22 Dec 1704 - Mar 1707     Ghazi III Geray     (b. 1673 - d. 1708)
(acting to Jan 1705)
Mar 1707 - 22 Dec 1708     Qaplan I Geray (1st time)          (b. 1679 - d. 1738)
22 Dec 1708 - Apr 1713     Devlet II Geray (2nd time)         (s.a.)
Apr 1713 - Dec 1716        Qaplan I Geray (2nd time)          (s.a.)
Dec 1716 -  7 Feb 1717     Qarah Dewlet III Geray             (b. 164. - d. 1717)
 7 Feb 1717 - 16 Oct 1724  Sa'adet III Geray (b. 166. - d. 1732)
16 Oct 1724 - 23 Oct 1730  Mengli II Geray (1st time)         (b. 1681 - d. 1739)
23 Oct 1730 -  6 Sep 1736  Qaplan I Geray (3rd time)          (s.a.)
Aug 1736 - Sep 1737        Fetih Geray             (b. 1697 - d. 1746)
Sep 1737 - 30 Dec 1739     Mengli II Geray (2nd time)         (s.a.)
31 Dec 1739 - 20 Dec 1743  Selamat II Geray                   (b. 169. - d. 1751)
             (acting to Mar 1740)
20 Dec 1743 - 18 May 1748  Selim II Geray   (b. 1709 - d. 1748)
Jun 1748 - Mar 1756        Arslan Geray (1st time)            (b. 1702 - d. 1767)
Mar 1756 - 21 Oct 1758     Halim Geray                        (b. 169. - d. 1759)
21 Oct 1758 - Sep 1764     Qarim (Qyrym) Giray (1st time)     (b. 1718 - d. 1769)
Sep 1764 - 14 Mar 1767     Selim III Geray (1st time)         (b. 1715 - d. 1786)
14 Mar 1767 - Jun 1767     Arslan Giray (2nd time)            (s.a.)
Jun 1767                   Devlet IV Geray (1st time) (acting)(b. 1730 - d. 1780)
Jun 1767 - 19 Oct 1768     Maqsud Geray (1st time)            (b. c.1720 - d. 1780)
19 Oct 1768 - Mar 1769     Qarim Geray (2nd time)             (s.a.)
Mar 1769 - Apr 1769        Mesud Geray Sultan (acting) 
Apr 1769 - 25 Feb 1770     Devlet IV Geray (2nd time)         (s.a.)
25 Feb 1770 - Jan 1771     Qaplan II Geray                    (b. 1740 - d. 1771)
Jan 1771 - Jul 1771        Selim III Geray (2nd time)         (s.a.)
Jul 1771 - Apr 1775        Sahib II Geray                     (b. 1747 - d. 1807)
1771 - 1772                Maqsud Geray (2nd time)            (s.a.)
             (in Rumelia [Bulgaria] exile)
Apr 1775 -  4 Mar 1777     Devlet IV Geray (3rd time)         (s.a.)
 4 Mar 1777 - Jul 1782     Shahin Geray (1st time)            (b. c.1745 - d. 1787)
May 1782        Mehmet V Geray                     (d. 1782)
(in opposition, in Kaffa)
Jul 1782 - 20 Jan 1783     Bahadir II Geray (1st time)        (b. c.1722 - d. 1791)
20 Jan 1783 -  9 Jul 1783  Shahin Geray (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1787 - 1789                Shahbaz Geray (in Moldavia exile)  (b. 1731 - d. 1793)
Feb 1789 - Jun 1792        Bakht Geray                        (b. 1745 - d. 1800)
(in Silistra [Dobruja] exile)
Commander of the Russian troops in Crimea
 8 Aug 1783 - 13 Feb 1784  Baron Osip Andreyevich Igel'strom  (b. 1737 - d. 1823)
(Otto Heinrich Freiherr von Igelström)
Russian Governors of Taurian (Tavricheskaya) oblast (with title Pravitel' to 1796)
16 Feb 1784 - Oct 1788     Vasiliy Vasilyevich Kakhovskiy     (b. 1738 - d. 1795)
(took office 22 Jun 1784)
Oct 1788 - 23 Dec 1796     Semyon Semyonovich Zhelugin        (b. 1733 - d. 1823)
23 Dec 1796 - 20 Oct 1802  part of Novorossiya governorate
Governors of Tauria (Tavrida) province
25 Dec 1802 - 14 Aug 1803  Grigoriy Petrovich Miloradovich    (b. 1765 - d. 1828)
 7 Jan 1804 -  9 Nov 1807  Dmitriy Borisovich Mertvago        (b. 1760 - d. 1824)
14 Nov 1807 -  1 Aug 1816  Andrey Mikhaylovich Borozdin       (b. 1765 - d. 1838)
 1 Aug 1816 -  9 Jan 1820  Aleksandr Stepanovich Lavinskiy    (b. 1776 - d. 1844)
 9 Jan 1820 -  1 May 1821  Aleksandr Nikolayevich Baranov     (b. 1793 - d. 1861)
 9 Mar 1822 - 28 Oct 1823  Nikolay Ivanovich Perovskiy        (b. 1785 - d. 1858)
28 Oct 1823 - 29 Apr 1829  Dmitriy Vasilyevich Naryshkin      (b. 1792 - d. 1832)
29 Apr 1829 - 25 Feb 1837  Aleksandr Ivanovich Kaznacheyev    (b. 1788 - d. 1880)
 6 Mar 1837 - 31 Jan 1843  Matvey Matveyevich Muromtsyov      (b. 1790 - d. 1879)
(Muromtsev)
31 Jan 1843 -  3 Feb 1845  Viktor Yakovlevich Roslavets       (b. 1796 - d. 1848)
 3 Feb 1845 - 23 Nov 1854  Vladimir Ivanovich Pestel'         (b. 1798 - d. 1865)
23 Nov 1854 -  6 Jun 1856  Graf Nikolay Vladimirovich         (b. 1819 - d. 1892)
Adlerberg
22 Jul 1856 - 31 Jan 1871  Grigoriy Vasilyevich Zhukovskiy    (b. 1800 - d. 1880)
31 Jan 1871 -  7 Jul 1873  Aleksandr Gerardovich Reytern      (b. 1824 - d. 1879)
 2 Aug 1873 -  4 Dec 1881  Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Kavelin   (b. 1832 - d. 1906)
 4 Dec 1881 - 11 Jan 1890  Andrey Nikitich Vsevolozhskiy      (b. 1840 - d. 1893)
11 Jan 1890 -  1 Jan 1902  Pyotr Mikhaylovich Lazarev         (b. 1850 - d. 1919)
14 Feb 1902 -  1 May 1905  Vladimir Fyodorovich Trepov        (b. 1860 - d. 1918)
 1 May 1905 - 11 Jan 1906  Yevgeniy Nikolayevich Volkov       (b. 1864 - d. 1933)
11 Jan 1906 - 21 Apr 1911  Vasiliy Vasilyevich Novitskiy      (b. 1863 - d. 1911)  Non-party
15 May 1911 - 27 Apr 1913  Graf Pyotr Nikolayevich Apraksin   (b. 1876 - d. 1962)  RS
26 May 1913 - 24 Nov 1914  Nikolay Nikolayevich Lavrinovskiy  (b. 1875 - d. 1930)  VNS
27 Nov 1914 - 19 Mar 1917  Nikolay Antonovich Knyazhevich     (b. 1871 - d. 1950)  Mil
Commissars of the Taurian Governorate
19 Mar 1917 -  9 Apr 1917  Yakov Tarasovich Kharchenko        (b. 1853 - d. 1937)  Non-party
 9 Apr 1917 - 19 Nov 1917  Nikolay Nikolayevich Bogdanov      (b. 1875 - d. 1930)  KDP
19 Nov 1917 -  3 Dec 1917  Pavel Ivanovich Bianki (Bianchi)   (b. 1877 - d. 19..)  RSDRP-M
             (acting)
Chairman of the Taurian Governorate Council of People's Representatives
 3 Dec 1917 - 26 Jan 1918  Pavel Ivanovich Novitskiy          (b. 1888 - d. 1971)  RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Tatar Kurultay (Qurultay)(in Bakhchisaray)
 9 Dec 1917 - 26 Dec 1917  Chelebi Ibraimovich Chelebiyev     (b. 1885 - d. 1918)  MF
(= Noman Ibrahim oğlu Çelebi Cihan)
Chairman of the Sevastopol' Military Revolutionary Committee (from 10 Jan 1918,
Taurian Governorate Military Revolutionary Committee)(in dissidence, in Sevastopol')
29 Dec 1917 - 27 Jan 1918  Yuriy Petrovich Gaven              (s.a.)               RSDRP-B
Chairmen of the Council of the Directory of the Crimean Tatar National Government
26 Dec 1917 - 17 Jan 1918  Chelebi Ibraimovich Chelebiyev     (s.a.)               MF
17 Jan 1918 - 27 Jan 1918  Dzhafer Seydamet Efendi (1st time) (b. 1889 - d. 1960)  MF
(= Cafer Seidahmet Efendi)
Chairman of the Military Revolutionary Committee of Taurian Governorate
27 Jan 1918 - 10 Feb 1918  Zhan Avgustovich Miller            (b. 1880 - d. 1939)  RSDRP-B
(= Jānis Šepte)
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Soviets of the Taurian Governorate
10 Feb 1918 - 22 Mar 1918  Zhan Avgustovich Miller            (s.a.)               RKP
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic
22 Mar 1918 - 23 Apr 1918  Zhan Avgustovich Miller            (s.a.)               RKP
German Military Commander (commanding general of General Command 52 [Donauarmee]
to 1 May 1918, then commander of all troops in Taurien und Krim)
23 Apr 1918 - 15 Nov 1918  Robert Paul Theodor Kosch          (b. 1856 - d. 1942)  Mil
Chairman of the Council of the Directory of the Crimean Tatar National Government
(under German occupation)
18 May 1918 - Jun 1918     Dzhafer Seydamet Efendi (2nd time) (s.a.)               MF
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of the Kray Government of Crimea
(under German occupation to 15 Nov 1918)
25 Jun 1918 - 15 Nov 1918  Matvey Aleksandrovich Sul'kevich   (b. 1865 - d. 1920)  Mil 
(= Süleyman Sulkeviç)
15 Nov 1918 - 15 Apr 1919  Solomon Samoylovich Krym           (b. 1867 - d. 1936)  KDP
(in Sevastopol' from 10 Apr 1919)
Soviet Russian Commander (of 1st Trans-Dnepr Soviet Division to 15 Apr 1919,
then commander of 3rd Ukrainian Soviet Division)
10 Apr 1919 -  5 May 1919  Pavel Yefimovich Dybenko           (b. 1889 - d. 1938)  Mil/RKP
(Pavlo Yukhymovych Dybenko)
Chairman of the Provisional Government of Workers' and Peasants' (Council of People's
Commissars) of the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic
 5 May 1919 - 24 Jun 1919  Dmitriy Ilyich Ulyanov             (b. 1874 - d. 1943)  RKP
("White") Russian Governors of the Taurian Governorate
24 Jun 1919 - 12 Jul 1919  Sergey Konstantinovich             (b. 1867 - d. 1930)  Mil
Dobrovol'skiy (acting)
12 Jul 1919 - 29 Mar 1920  Graf Nikita Alekseyevich Tatishchev(b. 1879 - d. 1948)  Non-party
29 Mar 1920 - May 1920     Fyodor Petrovich Perlik (acting)   (b. 1881 - d. 1920)  Mil
May 1920 - Oct 1920        Sergey Dmitriyevich Tverskoy       (b. 1874 – d. 1942)  Non-party
Oct 1920 - 15 Nov 1920     Mikhail Nikolayevich Skalon        (b. 1874 – d. 1940)  Mil 
(acting)
Soviet Russian Commander (of 4th Army South-Western Front)
13 Nov 1920 - 16 Nov 1920  Vladimir Salamanovich Lazarevich   (b. 1882 - d. 1938)  Mil
Chairmen of the Revolutionary Committee of Crimea ("Krym revkom")
16 Nov 1920 - 21 Feb 1921  Bela Morisovich Kun (= Béla Kun)   (b. 1886 - d. 1938)  RKP 
21 Feb 1921 -  7 Nov 1921  Mikhail Kharitonovich Polyakov     (b. 1884 - d. 1938)  RKP
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
 7 Nov 1921 - Aug 1924     Yuriy Petrovich Gaven              (s.a.)               RKP
Aug 1924 - 28 Jan 1928     Veli Ibraimov                      (b. 1889 - d. 1928) RKP;1925 VKP
28 Jan 1928 - 20 Feb 1931  Memet Ismail Kubayev          (b. 1883 - d. 1931)  VKP
20 Feb 1931 -  9 Sep 1937  Ilyas Umerovich Tarkhan            (b. 1900 - d. 1938)  VKP
 9 Sep 1937 - 21 Jul 1938  Abdul-Dzhelil Khayrulla Menbariyev (b. 1902 - d. 1960)  VKP 
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
21 Jul 1938 - 18 May 1944  Abdul-Dzhelil Khayrulla Menbariyev (s.a.)    VKP 
   (in Russian S.F.S.R. exile 1 Nov 1941-13 Apr 1944)
18 May 1944 - 30 Jun 1945  Nadezhda Ivanovna Sachyova         (b. 1904 - d. 19..)  VKP
(Sachyeva)(f)(acting)
German Military Commanders 
- of the 11th Army -    
 1 Nov 1941 - 23 Aug 1942  Fritz Erich von Lewinski, gen.     (b. 1887 - d. 1973)  Mil
von Manstein
- commanders Krim (Crimea) -           
24 Aug 1942 - 27 Apr 1943  Franz Mattenklott                  (b. 1884 - d. 1954)  Mil
27 Apr 1943 - 22 Jul 1943  Helge Arthur Auleb (acting)        (b. 1887 - d. 1964)  Mil
22 Jul 1943 - 23 Oct 1943  Sigismund von Förster              (b. 1887 - d. 1959)  Mil
1943 - 1943                Hans-Karl von Scheele              (b. 1892 - d. 1955)  Mil
(acting for Förster)
15 Oct 1943 - 23 Oct 1943  Friedrich Köchling (acting)        (b. 1893 - d. 1970)  Mil
- of the 17th Army -             
23 Oct 1943 -  1 Mar 1944  Erwin Jaenecke (1st time)          (b. 1890 - d. 1960)  Mil
 2 Mar 1944 - 31 Mar 1944  Ferdinand Schörner                 (b. 1892 - d. 1973)  Mil
31 Mar 1944 - 30 Apr 1944  Erwin Jaenecke (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Mil
30 Apr 1944 -  9 May 1944  Karl Allmendinger                  (b. 1891 - d. 1965)  Mil
(acting to 1 May 1944)
Chairmen of the Executive Committee 
30 Jun 1945 - Apr 1946     Aleksandr Fyodorovich Kabanov      (b. 1899 - d. 1975)  VKP
Apr 1946 - 10 Jun 1949     Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Krivoshein  (b. 1905 - d. 1979)  VKP
10 Jun 1949 - 12 Dec 1949  Vasiliy Ivanovich Nikanorov        (b. 1904 - d. 1982)  VKP
12 Dec 1949 - 23 Sep 1952  Sergey Osipovich Postovalov        (b. 1907 - d. 1983)  VKP
23 Sep 1952 - 16 Feb 1954  Dmitriy Stepanovich Polyanskiy     (s.a.)               KPSS
16 Feb 1954 - Jun 1956     Mikhail Grigoryevich Kuz'menko     (b. 1904 - d. 1960)  KPSS
Jun 1956 -  9 Oct 1959     Ivan Markelovich Filippov          (b. 1905 - d. 1963)  KPU
 9 Oct 1959 -  7 Dec 1965  Vladimir Nikolayevich Druzhinin    (b. 1907 - d. 1976)  KPU
        (chairman industrial executive committee 12 Jan 1963-7 Dec 1964)
12 Jan 1963 -  7 Dec 1964  Nikolay Andreyevich Moiseyev       (b. 1918 - d. 1970)  KPU
        (chairman of the rural executive committee)      
 7 Dec 1965 - 18 Jan 1966  .... (acting)
18 Jan 1966 - 21 Dec 1979  Trofim Nikolayevich Chemodurov     (b. 1917 - d. 1997)  KPU
21 Dec 1979 - 13 Apr 1985  Yuriy Georgiyevich Bakhtin         (b. 1929 - d. 2010)  KPU
13 Apr 1985 - 27 Dec 1989  Aleksandr Mefodyevich Roshchupkin  (b. 1929 - d. 2006)  KPU
27 Dec 1989 - 22 Mar 1991  Vitaliy Vladimirovich Kurashik     (b. 1939)            KPU
  (Vitaliy Volodymyrovych Kurashyk)
Chairman of the Supreme Council 
22 Mar 1991 - 10 May 1994  Nikolay Vasilyevich Bagrov         (s.a.)               Non-party
(Mykola Vasylyovych Bahrov)
President
 4 Feb 1994 - 17 Mar 1995  Yuriy Aleksandrovich Meshkov       (b. 1945 - d. 2019)  RPK
   (Yuriy Oleksandrovych Myeshkov)
(continues in dissidence to 11 Jun 1995)
Chairmen of the Supreme Council
10 May 1994 -  5 Jul 1995  Sergey Pavlovich Tsekov            (b. 1953)            RPK
(Serhiy Pavlovych Tsekov)
 5 Jul 1995 -  6 Jul 1995  Vice-chairmen
- Vladimir Nikolayevich Klychnikov (b. 1964)            NPK
         (Volodymyr Mykolayovych Klychnikov)
- Aleksandr Ivanovich Frolov       (b. 1938)            Non-party
(Oleksandr Ivanovych Frolov)
(acting)
 6 Jul 1995 -  9 Oct 1996  Yevgeniy Vladimirovich Suprunyuk   (b. 1955)            APU?
(Yevhen Volodymyrovych Suprunyuk)
 9 Oct 1996 - 10 Oct 1996  Vice-chairmen
- Anushavan Surenovich Danelyan    (b. 1956)            Non-party
(Anushavan Surenovych Danyelyan
= Anushavan Sureni Danielyan)
- Yuriy Vladimirovich Podkopayev   (b. 1956)           
(Yuriy Volodymyrovych Podkopaev)
- Refat Abdurahmanovich Chubarov   (b. 1957)            NR
(Refat Abdurakhmanovych Chubarov
= Refat Abdurahman oğlu Çubarov)
(acting)
10 Oct 1996 -  6 Feb 1997  Vasiliy Alekseyevich Kiselyov      (b. 1948)            APU
(Kiselev)(Vasyl' Oleksiyovych Kyselyov)
 6 Feb 1997 - 14 May 1998  Anatoliy Pavlovich Gritsenko       (b. 1958)            Non-party
(Anatoliy Pavlovych Hrytsenko)
(1st time)(acting to 13 Feb 1997)
14 May 1998 - 29 Apr 2002  Leonid Ivanovich Grach           (s.a.)               KPU
(Leonid Ivanovych Hrach)
29 Apr 2002 - 12 May 2006  Boris Davydovich Deych (Deich)     (b. 1938 - d. 2022)  PR
(Borys Davydovych Deych)
12 May 2006 - 17 Mar 2010  Anatoliy Pavlovich Gritsenko       (s.a.)               PR
(2nd time)
17 Mar 2010 - 17 Mar 2014  Vladimir Andreyevich Konstantinov  (b. 1956)            PR
(Volodymyr Andriyovych Konstantynov)
Chairman of the State Council
17 Mar 2014 - 14 Apr 2014  Vladimir Andreyevich Konstantinov  (s.a.)               PR
Head of the Republic
14 Apr 2014 -              Sergey Valeryevich Aksyonov        (b. 1972)         RY;Jun 2014 YR
(Aksenov)(Serhiy Valeriyovych Aksyonov)
    (acting to 9 Oct 2014)

Wali, Head of the Crimean Land Government
Jul 1783 - Jun 1784        Mehmet Shah Bey Shirin             (b. 1725 - d.af.1796)
(= Memetsha Shirinskiy)
Chairman of the Taurian Governorate Commissariat
 3 Dec 1917 - 26 Jan 1918  Pavel Ivanovich Bianki (1st time)  (s.a.)    RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic
22 Mar 1918 - 23 Apr 1918  Anton Iosifovich Slutskiy          (b. 1884 - d. 1918)  RKP
                             (in Tatar captivity from 21 Apr 1918)
Chairman of the Taurian Governorate Comissariat
27 Apr 1918 - May 1918     Pavel Ivanovich Bianki (2nd time)  (s.a.)               RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Board of Zemstvo of Taurian Governorate
30 May 1918 - 25 Jun 1918  Knyaz' Vladimir Andreyevich        (b. 1869 - d. 1950)  KDP
Obolenskiy (continued in office to 1920)
Chairmen of the Revolutionary Committee of Crimea ("Krym revkom")
16 Nov 1920 - 20 Feb 1921  Bela Morisovich Kun (s.a.)               RKP 
20 Feb 1921 -  7 Nov 1921  Mikhail Kharitonovich Polyakov     (s.a.)               RKP
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars ("Krym sovnarkom")
11 Nov 1921 - 16 May 1924  Sakhib-Garey Saidgaliyevich Said-  (b. 1894 - d. 1938)  RKP
Galiyev
May 1924 - 21 Mar 1926     Osman Abdul Gani Deren-Ayerly      (b. 1898 - d. 1949) RKP;1925 VK
21 Mar 1926 - May 1929     Emir Bekirovich Shugu              (b. 1887 - d. 19..)  VKP
May 1929 - 16 Sep 1937     Abduraim Abduramanovich Samedinov  (b. 1900 - d. 1938)  VKP
1937 -  5 Apr 1942         Memet Ibraimovich Ibraimov         (b. 1907 - d. 19..)  VKP
 5 Apr 1942 - 18 May 1944  Ismail Seyfullayevich Seyfullayev  (b. 1912 - d. 2000)  VKP
(in Russian S.F.S.R. exile)
May 1944 - 30 Jun 1945     Aleksandr Fyodorovich Kabanov      (s.a.)               VKP
30 Jun 1945 - 22 Mar 1991  Post abolished
Prime Ministers (title chairman of the Council of Ministers 26 Feb 1992 - 11 Mar 1994
and from 23 Jan 1997; Prime Minister 22 Mar 1991 - 20 May 1993 and 11 Mar 1994 - 23 Jan 1997)
22 Mar 1991 - 20 May 1993  Vitaliy Vladimirovich Kurashik     (s.a.)               Non-party
(Vitaliy Volodymyrovych Kurashyk)
20 May 1993 - 11 Mar 1994  Boris Ivanovich Samsonov           (b. 1938 - d. 2014)  Non-party
             (Borys Ivanovych Samsonov)
11 Mar 1994 -  6 Oct 1994  Yevgeniy Fyodorovich Saburov       (b. 1946 - d. 2009)  Non-party
(Yevhen Fedorovych Saburov)
(acting)
 6 Oct 1994 - 22 Mar 1995  Anatoliy Romanovich Franchuk       (b. 1953 - d. 2021)  Non-party
(Anatoliy Romanovych Franchuk)
(1st time)
22 Mar 1995 - 31 Mar 1995  Anatoliy Ivanovich Drobotov        (b. 1951)            KPK
(Anatoliy Ivanovych Drobotov)
(not recognized by Ukraine)
31 Mar 1995 - 26 Jan 1996  Anatoliy Romanovich Franchuk  (s.a.)               Non-party
(2nd time)
26 Jan 1996 -  4 Jun 1997  Arkadiy Fyodorovich Demidenko      (b. 1950 - d. 2005)  Non-party
(Arkadiy Fedorovych Demydenko)
(acting to 28 Feb 1996)
 4 Jun 1997 - 27 May 1998  Anatoliy Romanovich Franchuk       (s.a.)               Non-party
(3rd time) 
27 May 1998 - 25 Jul 2001  Sergey Vladimirovich Kunitsyn      (b. 1960)            NDP
(Serhiy Volodymyrovych Kunitsyn)
(1st time)
25 Jul 2001 - 29 Apr 2002  Valeriy Mironovich Gorbatov        (b. 1955)            TU
(Valeriy Myronovych Horbatov)
29 Apr 2002 - 20 Apr 2005  Sergey Vladimirovich Kunitsyn  (s.a.)               NDP
(2nd time) 
20 Apr 2005 - 21 Sep 2005  Anatoliy Sergeyevich Matviyenko    (b. 1953 - d. 2020)  URP
(Anatoliy Serhiyovych Matviyenko)
21 Sep 2005 - 23 Sep 2005  Valeriy Nikolayevich Yasyuk        (b. 1964)            NU
(Valeriy Mykolayovych Yasyuk)
(acting)
23 Sep 2005 -  2 Jun 2006  Anatoliy Fyodorovich Burdyugov     (b. 1958)            NU 
(Anatoliy Fedorovych Bordyuhov)
 2 Jun 2006 - 17 Mar 2010  Viktor Tarasovich Plakida          (b. 1956)            PR
(Viktor Tarasovych Plakida)
17 Mar 2010 - 17 Aug 2011  Vasiliy Georgiyevich Dzharty       (b. 1958 - d. 2011)  PR
(Vasyl' Heorhiyovych Dzharty)
17 Aug 2011 -  8 Nov 2011  Pavel Nikolayevich Burlakov        (b. 1963)            PR
       (Pavlo Mykolayovych Burlakov)
(acting)
 8 Nov 2011 - 27 Feb 2014  Anatoliy Vladimirovich Mogilyov    (b. 1955)            PR
(Mogilev)(Anatoliy Volodymyrovych Mohylyov)
27 Feb 2014 - 20 Sep 2019  Sergey Valeryevich Aksyonov        (s.a.)            RY;Jun 2014 YR
(Aksenov)(Serhiy Valeriyovych Aksyonov)
20 Sep 2019 -              Yuriy Mikhaylovich Gotsanyuk       (b. 1966)            YR
(Yuriy Mykhaylovych Hotsanyuk)
(acting to 2 Oct 2019)

Permanent Representatives of the President of Ukraine in
the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
31 Mar 1994 - 30 Jan 1996  Valeriy Mironovich Gorbatov        (s.a.)               Ind
(Valeriy Myronovych Horbatov)
31 Jan 1996 -  7 Feb 1997  Dmitriy Petrovich Stepanyuk        (b. 1945)            RY
     (Dmytro Petrovych Stepanyuk)
 8 Feb 1997 - 29 Jun 1999  Vasiliy Alekseyevich Kiselyov      (s.a.)               APU
(Kiselev)(Vasyl' Oleksiyovych Kyselyov)
29 Jun 1999 - 17 May 2002  Anatoliy Vasilyevich Korneychuk    (b. 1957)            APU
(Anatoliy Vasylyovych Korniychuk)
26 Jun 2002 - 30 Dec 2004  Aleksandr Nikolayevich Didenko     (b. 1949)            TU
(Oleksander Mykolayovych Didenko)
22 Oct 2005 - 17 May 2006  Vladimir Ivanovich Kulish          (b. 1963)            NU
(Volodymyr Ivanovych Kulish)
17 May 2006 -  9 Jan 2007  Gennadiy Gennadyevich Moskal       (b. 1950 - d. 2024)  VOB
     (Gennadiy Gennadiyovych Moskal')
22 Feb 2007 -  4 May 2007  Viktor Viktorovich Shemchuk        (b. 1970)            Non-party
     (Viktor Viktorovych Shemchuk)
 6 Jun 2007 - 27 Dec 2007  Vladimir Petrovich Khomenko        (b. 1954)   Non-party
(Volodymyr Petrovych Khomenko)
30 Jan 2008 - 18 Mar 2010  Leonid Mikhailovich Zhunko         (b. 1951)            APU
     (Leonid Mykhaylovych Zhunko)
 6 Apr 2010 - 13 Nov 2010  Sergey Vladimirovich Kunitsyn      (s.a.)               NDP
(Serhiy Volodymyrovych Kunitsyn)
(1st time)
14 Nov 2010 - 12 Jan 2011  Viktor Tarasovich Plakida (acting) (s.a.)               PR
(Viktor Tarasovych Plakida)(1st time)
13 Jan 2011 -  7 Jun 2011  Vladimir Grigoriyevich Yatsuba     (b. 1947)            PR
(Volodymyr Grrigorovich Yatsuba)
 8 Jun 2011 – 27 Feb 2014  Viktor Tarasovich Plakida          (s.a.)     PR
(acting to 28 Feb 2012)(2nd time)
27 Feb 2014 - 26 Mar 2014  Sergey Vladimirovich Kunitsyn      (s.a.)               Non-party
(2nd time)(acting)

Pro-Ukraine: Autonomous Republic of Crimea (in Kherson 16 May 2014-28 Mar 2022,
from Mar 2022 Kyyiv, Ukraine) in Exile

Permanent Representatives of the President of Ukraine in
the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
26 Mar 2014 - 29 Apr 2014  Volodymyr Mykolayovych Dehtyaryov  (b. 1956)
(Vladimir Nikolayevich Degtyaryov)
(acting)
22 May 2014 - 17 Aug 2017  Nataliya Kostyantynivna Popovych(f)(b. 1967)            Non-party
(Natal'ya Konstantinovna Popovich)
17 Aug 2017 -  2 Dec 2018  Borys Volodymyrovyh Babin          (b. 1981)            Non-party
            (Boris Vladimirovich Babin)
 2 Dec 2018 - 25 Jun 2019  Izet Rustemovych Hdanov (acting)   (b. 1983)            QMM
(Izet Rustemovich Gdanov)
25 Jun 2019 - 25 Apr 2022  Anton Oleksandrovych Korynevych    (b. 1986)            Non-party
(Anton Aleksandrovich Koryvich)
25 Apr 2022 -  5 Dec 2024  Tamila Ravilivna Tasheva (f)       (b. 1985)            Holos
(Tamila Ravilovna Tasheva)
 5 Dec 2024 -              Olha Mykolayivna Kuryshko (f)      (b. 1988)
(Olga Nikolayevna Kurishko)
(acting to 24 Jan 2025)

Crimean War Allied Occupation 1854-1856

Allied Commanders-in-chief
13 Sep 1854 - 29 Jun 1855  FitzRoy James Henry Somerset,      (b. 1788 - d. 1855)
Baron Raglan (U.K.)
29 Jun 1855 - 11 Nov 1855  Sir James Simpson (U.K.)           (b. 1792 - d. 1868)
11 Nov 1855 - 12 Jul 1856  Sir William John Codrington (U.K.) (b. 1804 - d. 1884)
14 Sep 1854 - 26 Sep 1854  Armand Jacques Leroy de Saint-     (b. 1801 - d. 1854)
Arnaud (France)
26 Sep 1854 - 16 May 1855  François Certain de Canrobert      (b. 1809 - d. 1895)
(France)
16 May 1855 - 12 Jul 1856  Aimable Jean-Jacques Pélissier     (b. 1794 - d. 1864)
(France) 

Russian Occupations 1771-1783

Russian Commanders

Jul 1771 - Oct 1771        Knyaz' Vasiliy Mikhaylovich        (b. 1722 - d. 1782)
Dolgorukov (Dolgorukiy)(1st time)
Oct 1771 - 1773            Knyaz' Fyodor Fyodorovich          (b. 1729 - d. 1791) 
Shcherbatov      
1773 - Sep 1774            Knyaz' Vasiliy Mikhaylovich        (s.a.)
Dolgorukov (Dolgorukiy)(2nd time)
Mar 1777 - 1777            Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov      (b. 1730 - d. 1800)
(1st time)
1777 - Apr 1778            Knyaz' Aleksandr Aleksandrovich    (b. 1733 - d. 1809)
Prozorovskiy
Apr 1778 - Jun 1779        Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov      (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Jan 1783 - Aug 1783        Graf Anton Bogdanovich Balmen      (b. 1741 - d. 1790)

  ¹The title of khan varied from one use to another, but by the middle of the 17th cent. the  title without invocation and without extended list of references to localities and peoples claimed was: Ulugh Orda ve Ulugh Yurtnyn ve Taht-i Qyrym Ulugh Padishah ve Khan ("Great Padishah and Khan of Great Horde and Great Country and Throne of Crimea"). The title of Padishah was adopted following the destruction of the Great Horde in 1502. In relations with the Ottoman suzerain the title without honorifics was just the Qyrym Khan ("Crimean Khan").

Territorial Disputes: The Ukraine, U.S. and most other nations do not recognize Russia's 21 Mar 2014 annexation of Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the municipality of Sevastopol', nor their re-designation as the Republic of Crimea and the Federal City of Sevastopol'.

Party abbreviations: Holos = HOLOS (Voice, center-right, liberal, pro-European, anti-corruption, est.16 May 2019); Ind = Indepdent; MF = Millī Firqā/Milliy Fırka (National Party, Tatar nationalist, Jul 1917-1921, re-est.Jul 1993); NDP = Narodno-Demokratychna Partiya/Narodno-Demokraticheskaya Partiya (People's Democratic Party, centrist, social democratic, est.24 Feb 1996); NU = Narodnyy Soyuz "Nasha Ukrayina"/Narodnyy Soyuz "Nasha Ukraina" (People's Union "Our Ukraine", center-right, liberal conservative, pro-European, Viktor Yushchenko personalist, from Jul 2009 renamed Our Ukraine, est.5 Mar 2005); QMM = Qırımtatar Milliy Meclisi/Kyrymtatar Milly Mejlys (Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, Tatar nationalist, 1991-26 Apr 2016, banned by Russia); TU = Trudova Ukrayina/Trudovaya Ukraina (Labour Ukraine, center-left, laborism, est.19 Mar 2000); VOB = Vseukrayins'ke Ob'yednannya "Bat'kivshchyna" (All-Ukrainian Association "Fatherland", center-right, Ukrainian nationalist, liberal conservative, populist, pro-European, Yuliya Tymoshenko personalist, split from Hromada, est.9 Jul 1999); YR = Yedinaya Rossiya/Yedyna Rosiya (United Russia, Russian nationalist, conservative, V. Putin personalist, Russian Federation government party, Eurosceptic, est.1 Dec 2001); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: APU = Agrarna Partiya Ukrayiny/Agrarnaya Partiya Ukrainy (Agrarian Party of Ukraine, agrarian, centrist, pro-Leonid Kuchma, 5 Dec 1996-11 Feb 2005, renamed Narodna Partiya [People's Party]); KDP = Konstitutsionno-Demokraticheskaya Partiya (Constitutional Democratic Party, "Kadets", Russian liberal, centrist, 12 Oct 1905-1920, banned by Bolsheviks from 12 Dec 1917); KPK = Komunistychna Partiya Kryma/Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Kryma (Communist Party of Crimea, anti-reform, Marxist-Leninist communist, Russophone, Jun 1993-1997, merged into KPU); KPSS = Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza (Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Marxist-Leninist communist, USSR state party to 13 Mar 1990, former VKP, 13 Oct 1952 - 29 Aug 1991); KPU = Komunistychna Partiya Ukrayiny/Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Ukrainy (Communist Party of Ukraine, Marxist-Leninist communist, Eurosceptic, former KPU-B, 13 Oct 1952-26 Aug 1991, re-est.19 Jun 1993, banned by Ukraine 16 Dec 2015); NPK = Narodna Partiya Kryma/Narodnaya Partiya Kryma (People's Party of Crimea, centrist, c.1993/95); NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party, Nazi fascist, German nationalist, 1920-1945); PR = Partiya Regioniv/Partiya Regionov (Party of Regions, centrist, regionalist, pro-Russia, Eurosceptic, 2001-05 pro-Kuchma, 2010-14 pro-Yanukovych, 26 Oct 1997-2001 named Partiya Regional'noho Vidrodzhennya Ukrayiny/Partiya Regional'nogo Vozrozhdeniya Ukrainy [Party Regional Revival of Ukraine], 3 Mar 2001-7 Dec 2016, in 2014 Crimea branch mainly merged into YR); RKP = Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Communist Party [Bolsheviks], Marxist-Leninist communist, former RSDRP-B, Russia state party, 8 Mar 1918 - 31 Dec 1925, renamed VKP); RPK = Respublikanskaya Partiya Kryma (Republican Party of Crimea, Russophone, pro-Crimea independence, 1991-24 Oct 1992 named Respublikanskoye Dvizheniye Kryma [Republican Movement of Crimea], 24 Oct 1992-1995, merged into Civil Congress of Ukraine); RS = Russkoye Sobraniye (Russian Assembly, monarchist, Russian nationalist, 1906-1917); RSDRP-B = Rossiyskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party [Bolsheviks], Russian revolutionary socialist, Marxist communist, 1 Mar 1898-8 Mar 1918, renamed RKP); RSDRP-M = Rossiyskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Men'shevikov)(Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party [Mensheviks], split from RSDRP-B, democratic socialist, Orthodox Marxist, 1 Jan 1912-1922); RY = Russkoye Yedinstvo/Rus'ka Yednist' (Russian Unity, right-wing, Russian nationalist, pro-Crimea Russia unification, Eurosceptic, 28 Oct 2008-12 Aug 2010 named "Avangard" [Vanguard], 30 Apr 2014 banned by Ukraine, 12 Aug 2010-5 Jun 2014, merged into YR); URP = Ukrayins'ka Respublikans'ka Partiya "Sobor"/Ukrainskaya Respublikanskaya Partiya "Sobor" (Ukrainian Republican Party "Assembly", liberal conservative, civic nationalist, 21 Apr 2002-3 Dec 2011, renamed Ukrayins'ka Platforma "Sobor" [Ukrainian Platform "Assembly"]); VKP = Vsesoyuznaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(All-Union Communist Party [Bolsheviks], Marxist-Leninist communist, former RKP, USSR state party, 31 Dec 1925-13 Oct 1952, renamed KPSU); VNS = Vserossiyskiy Natsional'nyy Soyuz (All-Russia National Union, Russian nationalist, right wing, 1908-1917)

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Kaffa (Caffa) and Gazaria

c.540 - Apr 1204           Eastern (Byzantine) Roman Empire rule over the Southern coast of
Crimea.
988                        Chersónesos (Khersónēsos/Chersón) sacked by Kiev Rus'.
Apr 1204 - end 14th cent.  (Byzantine) Empire of Trebizond rule over the Southern coast
(coastal towns are gradually lost).
1204 - 1261                Theodosía (Feodosiya) under Venetian Republic rule.
1224 - 1239                Sudak (Soldaía/Sougdaia/Sudaq) occupied by the Rum Seljuqs.
1256 - 1274                Sudak under Venetian rule.
1266         Kaffa (Kaphâs/Caffa) established on the site of Theodosia (Feodosiya)
by the Republic of Genoa by agreement with the Mongol Khan.
1266 - 1296                Kaffa (Caffa) under Genoese rule.
1274 - 1287                Sudak under Genoese rule.
1287 - 12 Jul 1365         Sudak under Venetian rule.
1296 - 1297 Kaffa occupied by the Venetians.  
1298/99                    Mongols sack Kaffa.
Nov 1307 - 20 May 1308     Mongol siege of Genoese Kaffa.
20 May 1308                Mongols sack Kaffa, the Genoese evacuate and burn the city.
1313                       The office of Gazaria (officium Gazarie) established by a council
of 24 wise men of Genoa with indepdence to address the general
and particular issues of navigation of the Genoese both in the
Black and Mediterranean Seas, and beyond Gibraltar.
1316 Kaffa under Genoese rule (from 12 Jul 1365 to 1475 at Soldaia
[Sudak], in Cembalo [Balaklava] 1357-1475, southern coast of the
             Crimea called "Gazaria," and in Cerchio [Kerch] 1318-1475).
1316                       Counsul of Kaffa becomes the chief administrator of all Genoese
Black Sea colonies (incl. Caffa, Cembalo [Balaklava], and Soldaia
[Sudak] in Crimea; Amastris [Amasra] to 1461, and Amisus [Samsun]
to 1425 on the Anatolian coast; Licostomo [Chilia] and
Maurocastro [Bilgorod-Dnistrovs'kyy] on the Moldavian coast
1368-1484; and Tana nel Mare Maggiore [Azov] 1332-1471; but
excluding Pera [Galata] in Constantinople).
1318 - 1475    Cerco (Cherkio)(Bósporos/Keriç/Kerch) under Genoese rule.
Sep 1343 - Feb 1344        Mongol siege of Kaffa.
1345           Mongol siege of Kaffa.
1345 - Nov 1346            Mongol siege of Kaffa.
1365 Cembalo (Yamboli [Sýmbolon]/Balıqlava/Balaklava) under Genoese rule.
1399                       Cersona (Cherson) is completely destroyed by the Mongols.
1447                       Sevastopoli (Sevastopol) founded near ruins of Cersona (Cherson).
1449                       Statute of Caffa (Statuto di Caffa) written.
15 Nov 1453                Republic of Genoa cedes all its possessions in Gazaria to the 
Genoese Bank styled Uffizio di San Giorgio in Genoa. 
31 May 1475 -  6 Jun 1475  Ottoman siege of Kaffa.
 6 Jun 1475                Ottoman Empire takes control of Kaffa, ending Genoese rule.
1568 - 21 Jul 1774         Eyalet of Kefe (province of Kaffa) created from the Southern
         coast of Crimea under direct Ottoman rule. From this point
follows Crimea.

Genoese Consuls of Caffa (Latin title: consul Januensium in Caffa et tota Gazaria [Italian: Consoli di Caffa]; from 1316, in charge of all Genoese colonies on the coast of the Black Sea)
c.1266                     De Franchi
bf.1285                    Alberto Spinola
1289        Paolino Doria
1297                       Alberto Mallone
20 May 1308 - 1316         Vacant
1316 - 13..                Conrado de Roccio
1332 - 133.                Pasquale Giudice
1339 - 1340                Petrano dell'Orto
1342 - 1343                Dondidio de' Giusio
1352 - 1353       Gottifredo di Zoagli
1354 Leonardo Montaldo
1355                       Domenico di Vivaldi
1356                       Simone dell'Orto
1365                       Bartolomeo di Jacopo
1370                       Giuliano De Castro
10 Sep 1373 - 11 Oct 1374  Simone (Aimone) Grimaldi
1374 - 1375                Eliano De Camilla
Mar 1380 - 10 Mar 1381     Giannone del Bosco
11 Mar 1381 - 1382         Giuanisio De' Mari
11 Mar 1382 - 1383         Pietro Gazano (1st time)
1383                       Megliaduce Cattaneo
1384                       Giacomo Spinola
1385                       Pietro Gazano (2nd time)
1385 - 1386                Benedetto Grimaldi
1387                       Giovanni degli Innocenti
1391                       Niccolò Giustiniani Banca
1392 - 1393                Eliano Centurioni Becchignoni
(Eliano Centurione Becchignone)
1399                       Antonio De Marini
1404                       Constantino Lercari
1409 -  8 Jul 1411         Giacomo Doria
 9 Jul 1410 - 24 Oct 1411  Giorgio Adorno                     (b. 1350 - d. 1430)
25 Oct 1411 - 1412         Antonio Spinola
1413 - 141.   Paolo Lercari
1415  Battista De' Franchi Lusardo
1415 - 1416                Girolamo Giustiniani Moneglia 
(1st time)
1417 - 1418     Giacomo Adorno
1418 - 1419                Leonardo Cattaneo
1419 -  7 Jul 1420         Quilico Gentile
 8 Jul 1420 -  7 Jul 1421  Manfredo Sauli
1422                       Antonio Maruffo
 9 Oct 1422 - 1423         Girolamo Giustiniani Moneglia 
(2nd time)
1423         Federigo Spinola di Luccoli
1423 - 1424                Antonio Cavano Vincenti
1424           Battista Giustiniani
 8 Oct 1424 -  7 Oct 1425  Pietro Fieschi, conte Lavagna
 8 Oct 1425 - 1426         Francesco di Vivaldi
1427 Pietro Bondenaro
1428 - 1429                Gabriele Giustiniani Recanello
1429 - 14..                Luigi Salvago
1434 - 143.                Battista De Fornari
1438 - 14..                Paolo Imperiale
14 Mar 1441 - 13 Mar 1442  Teodoro Fieschi q. Teodoro (1st time)
13 Jun 1446 - 1447         Giovanni Navone
1447 - 1448 Antonio de' Franchi Tortorino
1448                       Antonio Maria Fieschi
1448 - 1449                Teodoro Fieschi q. Teodoro (2nd time)
1449 - 1450                Giovanni Giustiniani Longo
1453        Borduele de' Grimaldi
24 Jan 1453 - 1454         Demetrio de' Vivaldi
1454 - 1455                Paolo Raggi q. Antonio
25 Apr 1455 -  9 Dec 1456  Tommaso De Domoculta
10 Dec 1456 -  9 Dec 1457  Antonio Lercari
10 Dec 1457 - 29 Aug 1458  Damiano de' Leone
30 Oct 1458 - 1459         Bartolomeo Gentile
1459 - 29 Aug 1460         Martino Giustiniani
30 Aug 1460 - 1460         Luca Salvago Nepitelli
1460 - 1461                Azelino Squarciafico
1462         Raffaello Lercari
1462                       Raffaello di Monterosso
 1 Jan 1463 -  7 Dec 1463  Gherardo Lomellino
 8 Dec 1463 -  3 Nov 1464  Baldassaro Doria
12 Nov 1454 - 11 Dec 1465  Gregorio de Reza
1466         Alaone Doria (1st time)
1466 - 11 Jan 1467         Antonio Renzio della Gabella
12 Jan 1467 - 1468         Calocero (Calochio) de' Guizolfi
 1 Feb 1468 - 29 Feb 1469  Gentile De Camilla
 1 Mar 1469 - 31 Mar 1470  Carlo Cicogna
 1 Apr 1470 - 1471         Alaone Doria (2nd time)
1471 - 1472 Filippo Chiavroia (Chiavrola)
1472                       Erasto Giustiniani
1472 - 1473                Scipione Doria
1473 - 1474 Battista Giustiniani Oliverio
1474 -  6 Jun 1475         Antoniotto della Gabella           (b. 1420 - d. 1475)
1475 - 1476 Oberto Squarciafico
1476 - 1477                Giuliano Gentile Falamonica
1477 Galeazzo De Levanto

Genoese Consuls of Soldaia (Consoli di Soldaia)
1332                       Pasquale Giudice
1374                       Filippo di Montaldo
1381                       Giuliano Panzano
1382                       Giovanni di Camogli
1414                       Barnaba Franchi De Pagana
1420                       Giovanoi Musso
1424                       Tomasino Italiano
1424                       Oberto Benisia
1446                       Benedetto Maruffo
1447                       Giacomo Spinola
1449                       Bartolomeo Caffica
1450                       Bartolomeo Giudice
1454                       Jacopo di Vivaldi
1456                       Carlo Cicala
1457                       Niccolò Passano
1459                       Giannotto Lomellino
1460                       Bartolomeo Gentile
1461                       Agostino Adorno (1st time)
1463                       Damiano Chiavari
1463                       Agostino Adorno (2nd time)
1463 - 1465     Francesco Savignone
1465                       Battista di Allegro
1468                       Bernardo di Amico (1st time)
1469                       Antonio di Borlasca (1st time)
1471                       Bernardo di Amico (2nd time)
1471                       Bartolomeo di San Ambrogio
1472                       Antonio di Borlasca (2nd time)
1473 - 1475?               Cristoforo di Allegro
 
Genoese Consuls of Cembalo (Consoli di Cembalo)
1381                       Giacopo di Palazzo
1420                       Dagnano Grillo
1423                       Pellegro di Molassana
1424                       Bonamico di Monleone
1429                       Manfredo De Guizolfi
1430                       Pietro Re
1446                       Gregorio Giustiniani
1446                       Antonio di Pino
1447                       Gio. Paolo Zoagli
1448                       Pietro Sinistrario
1454                       Domenico Italiano
1454                       Bartolomeo Zoagli
1454                       Lazzaro di Varese
1455       Urbano di Cassana
1456                       Giacomo Casanova
1456                       Oliviero Calyi
1457 - 1461                Francesco Lomellini
1461 - 1463                Agostino Maruffo
1463 - 1465 Barnaba Grillo
1465                       ... Boggiolo
1465 Giacomo di Guarco
1467                       Battista di Oliva
1470                       Giovanni Calvo
1472                       Giuliano Fiesco
1473 - 1475   Geronimo Emmanuelle Pallavicini

Genoese Consuls of the Bosphorus (Kerch)
(Consoli del Vosporo [Bosforo] o Cerco [Kertch])
1455                       Francesco Fiesco
1456                       Bautista di Gavi
1470                       Giacopo Adorno
1472 - 1475? Niccolò Narcha

Genoese Consuls of Sevastopoli (Consoli di Sevastopoli)
1448                       Stefano De Franchi
1448             Pietro Lavello
1449                       Paolo di Lavello
1449                       Giovanni Doria
1454                       Filippo Clavarezza
1453                       Ambrogio di Pietro
1456                       Francesco Lomellino q. Martino
1457                       Gaspare delle Colonne
1473 - 1475?               Cristoforo di Canevale

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Theodoro

bf.1345                    Duchy of Dóros (Doukáto tou Dórou), capital at Dóros (now Mangup),
within Empire of Trebizond (by the end of the 14th century it
   was the last possession of Trebizond in Crimea).
bf.1411        Principality of Theodoro, independence from Trebizond.
Dec 1475                   Ottomans capture Dóros (now Mangup) after a three month siege.

Dukes of Doros (title Doúkas)
c.1362        Demetrios
c.13..        Vasíleios
c.1390        Stéfanos
Princes of Theodoro (title Authéntēs, in Latin called Dominus [Lords])
bf.1411 - 1446             Aléxios                (d. 1446)
1446 - c.1460              Manouíl                (d. c.1460)
bf.1465 - 1474             Isaákios               (d. 1474)
1475 - Dec 1475            Aléxandros             (d. 1476)

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© Ben Cahoon