Help:阿勒曼尼语国际音标 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
下列图表展示了国际音标（IPA）在维基百科条目中表示各阿勒曼尼语（施瓦本方言、低地阿勒曼尼语、高地阿勒曼尼語、至高阿勒曼尼語）发音的方式。对于有关在维基百科条目中添加IPA字符的指南，请参见{{IPA-gsw}}与Wikipedia:格式手册/音标 § Notes。
注：
- 没有一种阿勒曼尼语方言用到本指南中的所有音。
- 每个例词都有其来源的方言名称的标签。
- 大部分例句来自苏黎世方言。
- 大多数阿勒曼尼亚方言不常被书写，因此没有正式的拼写。为了保持一致性，本指南使用由Dieth & Schmid-Cadalbert (1986)[1]提出的瑞士德语拼写惯例。
请参阅伯尔尼德语音系以了解更多关于阿勒曼尼语方言之一的发音。
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- ^ Cited in Fleischer & Schmid (2006:251頁)
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Some scholars choose to transcribe the lenis obstruents with the symbols ⟨p, t, k, x, s, ʃ⟩, rather than ⟨b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, ɣ̊, v̥, z̥, ʒ̊⟩. In that case, the fortis obstruents are transcribed ⟨pː, tː, kː, xː, sː, ʃː⟩ or ⟨pp, tt, kk, xx, ss, ʃʃ⟩, rather than ⟨p, t, k, x, s, ʃ⟩. Here, we choose to transcribe the lenis obstruents as ⟨b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, ɣ̊, v̥, z̥, ʒ̊⟩, whereas the fortis obstruents are transcribed ⟨p, t, k, x, s, ʃ⟩. Long fortis obstruents or geminates occur in most of Switzerland except for the extreme Northeast, Wallis, and the Grisons–St. Gall Rhine valley.
- ^ If pronounced different from yew, cf. yew–hew merger.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 The dorsal obstruents /kx, x, ɣ̊/ are realized as velar [kx, x, ɣ̊] or uvular [qχ, χ, ʁ̥], depending on the dialect.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 The aspirated consonants [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] occur in borrowings from Standard German (Fleischer & Schmid (2006:244頁)). In the dialects of Basel and Chur, an aspirated [kʰ] is also present in native words.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 The /r/ phoneme can be pronounced as an alveolar trill [r] or an alveolar tap [ɾ] (with both being transcribed with ⟨r⟩ in this guide for the sake of simplicity),, a uvular trill [ʀ], a voiced uvular fricative or approximant [ʁ], a voiceless lenis uvular fricative [ʁ̥]. Some dialects (e.g. Zürich German) use all six realizations (Fleischer & Schmid (2006:244頁)).
- ^ In Swabian German, /r/ is realized as a uvular approximant [ʁ̞] in syllable onset, but as a pharyngeal approximant [ʕ̞] in other positions (Markus Hiller. Pharyngeals and "lax" vowel quality (PDF). Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache.). For simplicity, we transcribe these sounds as, respectively, [ʁ] and [ʕ].
- ^ In Bernese German, /l/ in the syllable coda is realized as [w].
- ^ In Bernese German, the geminate /lː/ is realized as [wː].
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 The open vowels /a, aː/ can be front or central (with both sets transcribed as [a, aː] for simplicity), back unrounded [ɑ, ɑː] or back rounded [ɒ, ɒː], depending on the dialect.
- ^ The schwa /ə/ occurs only in unstressed syllables.
- ^ In Basel German and in the dialect of Markgräflerland, /uː/ is fronted to [ʉː].
- Dauwalder, Hans, Wie mma s seid und cha schriiben. Eine haslideutsche Kurzgrammatik, Meiringen: Gemeinnütziger Verein, 1992
- Dieth, Eugen; Schmid-Cadalbert, Christian, Schwyzertütschi Dialäktschrift. Dieth-Schreibung 2nd, Aarau: Sauerländer, 1986
- Fleischer, Jürg; Schmid, Stephan, 苏黎世德语 (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2006, 36 (2): 243–253, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002441
- Hotzenköcherle, Rudolf (编), Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz, Bern: Francke, 1962–1997
- Werlen, Iwar, Lautstrukturen des Dialekts von Brig im schweizerischen Kanton Wallis, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1977
- Marti, Werner, Berndeutsch-Grammatik, Bern: Francke, 1985, ISBN 3-7720-1587-5